We developed two-step solution-phase reactions to form hybrid materials of Mn3O4 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets for lithium ion battery applications. Mn3O4 nanoparticles grown selectively on RGO sheets over free particle growth in solution allowed for the electrically insulating Mn3O4 nanoparticles wired up to a current collector through the underlying conducting graphene network. The Mn3O4 nanoparticles formed on RGO show a high specific capacity up to ~900mAh/g near its theoretical capacity with good rate capability and cycling stability, owing to the intimate interactions between the graphene substrates and the Mn3O4 nanoparticles grown atop. The Mn3O4/RGO hybrid could be a promising candidate material for high-capacity, low-cost, and environmentally friendly anode for lithium ion batteries. Our growth-on-graphene approach should offer a new technique for design and synthesis of battery electrodes based on highly insulating materials.

Mn3O4-Graphene Hybrid as a High Capacity Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Nitrogen-doped graphene can be used for lithium storage, but the nitrogen content is often quite low. Here, the authors synthesize graphene analogous with high nitrogen content using a zeolitic imidazolate framework, which show exceptional battery performances.

/pdf/high-lithium-anodic-performance-of-highly-nitrogen-doped-2f1npjwt34.pdf

High lithium anodic performance of highly nitrogen-doped porous carbon prepared from a metal-organic framework

In this Letter, we reported on the preparation and Li-ion battery anode application of ultrasmall Sn nanoparticles (∼5 nm) embedded in nitrogen-doped porous carbon network (denoted as 5-Sn/C). Pyrolysis of Sn(Salen) at 650 °C under Ar atmosphere was carried out to prepare N-doped porous 5-Sn/C with the BET specific surface area of 286.3 m2 g–1. The 5-Sn/C showed an initial discharge capacity of 1014 mAh g–1 and a capacity retention of 722 mAh g–1 after 200 cycles at the current density of 0.2 A g–1. Furthermore, a reversible capacity of ∼480 mAh g–1 was obtained at much higher current density of 5 A g–1. The remarkable electrochemical performance of 5-Sn/C was attributed to the effective combination of ultrasmall Sn nanoparticles, uniform distribution, and porous carbon network structure, which simultaneously solved the major problems of pulverization, loss of electrical contact, and particle aggregation facing Sn anode.

Ultrasmall Sn Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon As High-Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Heteroatom modification represents one of the largest studied areas of research related to nanostructured carbon materials, with integrated applications stretching from energy production and storage to sustainability and medical uses. While a wide variety of dopants (boron, phosphorus, iodine, fluorine, etc.) have been studied, doping carbon structures with nitrogen ad-atoms has arguably experienced the greatest progress and brought the most attention over the last several years. Research in this field has conclusively demonstrated that nitrogen doping is an effective way to tailor the properties of carbon and tune the material for various applications of interest. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advances in the last half decade on state-of-the-art carbon modification with nitrogen heteroatoms. Improvements in well-established fabrication/modification processes are discussed as well as novel strategies. Additionally, recent theoretical and experimental findings related to the benefits and effects of nitrogen modification for specific applications in the energy and environmental fields are reviewed.

Recent progress on nitrogen/carbon structures designed for use in energy and sustainability applications

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) behaving as a layered feature with graphite was indexed as a high-content nitrogen-doping carbon material, attracting increasing attention for application in energy storage devices. However, poor conductivity and resulting serious irreversible capacity loss were pronounced for g-C3N4 material due to its high nitrogen content. In this work, magnesiothermic denitriding technology is demonstrated to reduce the nitrogen content of g-C3N4 (especially graphitic nitrogen) for enhanced lithium storage properties as lithium ion battery anodes. The obtained nitrogen-deficient g-C3N4 (ND-g-C3N4) exhibits a thinner and more porous structure composed of an abundance of relatively low nitrogen doping wrinkled graphene nanosheets. A highly reversible lithium storage capacity of 2753 mAh/g was obtained after the 300th cycle with an enhanced cycling stability and rate capability. The presented nitrogen-deficient g-C3N4 with outstanding electrochemical performances may unambiguously promot...

Nitrogen-Deficient Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Performance for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

The invention discloses a method for compounding graphene and a metallic oxide/metallic compound. The method comprises the following steps: a, dissolving graphene oxide in a dispersing agent, regulating the PH value of the solution to be 5-9, and preparing a graphene oxide solution; and b, adding the oxide/metallic compound into the graphene oxide solution, ultrasonically mixing, reacting at the temperature of 70-120 DEG C for 32-40 hours. According to the method for compounding graphene and the metallic oxide/metallic compound, a reducing agent is not used, the composite material is reduced by utilizing the reducing property of graphene oxide in a hydrothermal environment, and the final product forms the uniformly dispersed graphene and oxide/metallic compound composite material by utilizing the high water solubility of the graphene oxide; and moreover, according to the material, the cycle performance, rate capability and gram volume of the oxide which serves as an electrode of a lithium ion battery can be effectively improved, and the impendence is reduced.

Method for compounding graphene and metallic oxide/metallic compound and composite material thereof

Manganese dioxides (MnO2) with controllable crystalline structure were synthesized by varying the synthesis conditions through a hydrothermal route with KMnO4 and MnSO4·H2O as precursors. Crystalline structures and morphologies of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The paper studied the nanowires growth mechanism under different experimental conditions, and the resulting lithium storage performance of MnO2 nanowires with different crystalline structure was also discussed.

Control synthesis and lithium ion battery performance of manganese dioxide nanowires with tunable structures but similar morphology

A Green Hydrothermal Approach for the preparation of graphene/α-MnO2 3D network as anode for lithium ion battery

Lithium storage performance of carbon nanotubes with different nitrogen contents as anodes in lithium ions batteries

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Method for compounding graphene and metallic oxide/metallic compound and composite material thereof

Control synthesis and lithium ion battery performance of manganese dioxide nanowires with tunable structures but similar morphology

A Green Hydrothermal Approach for the preparation of graphene/α-MnO2 3D network as anode for lithium ion battery

Lithium storage performance of carbon nanotubes with different nitrogen contents as anodes in lithium ions batteries