An up-to-date review on the design improvement and optimization of the liquid-cooling battery thermal management system for electric vehicles

Sustainable value chain of retired lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles

A state-of-the art review on advancing battery thermal management systems for fast-charging

The rapid growth of transportation demand has been enlarged strongly which has promoted electric vehicles powered by lithium‐ion batteries. However, the inconsistencies within the battery pack will deteriorate over the lifecycle and affect the performance of electric vehicles. Therefore, various thermal management systems and equalization systems have been applied in battery management system to deal with the inconsistencies, extend battery service life, and improve safety performance. This review summarizes the origination of inconsistency within lithium‐ion batteries from production to usage process, and then introduces the classification methods and application scenarios of the balance management system in detail. Based on the circuit topology, equalization systems can be classified into passive and active topologies. Active topologies are widely researched due to the advantages of high equalization efficiency and high speed, and the state‐of‐art innovations are presented and compared from the prospective of circuit, energy flow, efficiency and system complexity. In addition, this review focuses on the mainstream equalization strategies based on the analysis of balancing variables and control algorithms in terms of efficiency, complexity and stability, especially in the areas of variables optimal selection and advanced control algorithms. It is expected that innovations such as cloud control methods and hybrid balancing systems equipped with thermal management will become the future direction of lithium‐ion equalization technologies.

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

Lithium-ion batteries are currently the primary source of power for electric vehicles (EVs), but the batteries are sensitive to temperature changes. Excessively high or low temperatures will affect the batteries performance, causing thermal runaway and safety accidents. The battery thermal management system (BTMS) can maintain the batteries within a safe temperature range. This paper studied a liquid cooling BTMS incorporating serpentine microchannels. Firstly, we studied the arrangement of the inlet direction of serpentine microchannel cooling plates. The research demonstrated that for plan 3 (i.e., inlet and outlet are staggered), the BTMS has the best cooling performance. The maximum temperature of plan 3 is 311.2592 K, which is 0.6892 K lower than plan 1. Then, we selected plan 3 as the baseline. The surrogate assisted approach was conducted to parameterize and model the selected scheme. After that, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to optimize the parameters of the serpentine channel and water flow velocity. The optimization results indicated that the maximum temperature of the battery module dropped from 311.2592 K to 308.6067 K, the maximum pressure decreased from 578.9111 Pa to 502.0554 Pa, the average temperature decreased from 308.7952 K to 306.0020 K. After optimization, the temperature uniformity of the battery module is significantly improved, which provides guidance for improving the heat dissipation performance of the serpentine liquid cooling BTMS. Especially, the maximum pressure decreased by 13.28%, which can reduce the pumping power of the cooling water in the channel, and the consumption of energy of the EVs.

Heat dissipation optimization for a serpentine liquid cooling battery thermal management system: An application of surrogate assisted approach

Heat dissipation analysis of different flow path for parallel liquid cooling battery thermal management system

Numerical investigation into the effect of serpentine flow channel with a variable cross-section on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

PEMFC gradually entered the field of vision of scholars and aroused widespread attention and research, because it has the characteristics of high efficiency, no pollution, and low noise. Traditional PEMFC thermal management system has low efficiency and poor temperature distribution uniformity. This article innovatively proposed a method of using enhanced heat exchange fins for PEMFC thermal management system and established a multi-field coupling simulation model to study the influence of the design parameters of the enhanced heat exchange fins on the temperature of PEMFC, and the optimal fin design scheme is proposed. The results indicated that the fins have an excellent heat transfer enhancement effect, effectively reducing the temperature of each sub-component of PEMFC. Otherwise, different fin angle and fin length have a positive effect on the performance of the thermal management system. Then the design experience of this article can be provided to scholars for reference.

Research on influencing factors of heat transfer enhancement fins in fuel cell cooling channel

Simulation analysis of the influence of internal surface morphology of mini‐channel on battery thermal management


 The electrochemical reaction inside a high-power fuel cell generates a lot of heat. Excessive heat affects the performance of the membrane, so it is necessary to introduce coolant. The main objective of coolant is regulating the temperature of relatively high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks efficiently. The coolant channel has a great influence on the performance of PEMFC. In this work, a multiphase, 3D PEMFC model with serpentine flow channel is developed. In order to rank structural parameters according to the degree of influence on fuel cell performance, this study analyzed the current density, O2 mass fraction, and the distributions of temperature based on an orthogonal test scheme with three factors and three levels. The results show that rib width between the reactant flow channel and the cooling channel has the greatest influence on the current density, and gas flow channel width has the least influence.

Numerical Investigation Into the Effect of Structural Parameters of Parallel Flow Field With Cooling Channels on Fuel Cell Performance

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