Tea polyphenols: prevention of cancer and optimizing health. Discussion 4.

https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/201047255/Manuscript_R3_12.17.2019_Production_.pdf

Dose–Response Relation between Tea Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies

Background Tea is one of the most common functional drinks in our daily life. Emerging evidence from experimental, epidemiological, and interventional studies have shown that tea consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease development by reducing cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Tea phytochemicals exert cardiovascular protection via its anti-LDL oxidation, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and endothelial protective effects. Scope and approach In this review, we provided a timely up-to-date overview of the cardiovascular benefits and molecular mechanisms of tea and its vasoactive components in cardiovascular health and diseases. It emphasizes the importance of tea drinking as part of lifestyle modification in cardiovascular disease prevention. Key findings and conclusions The health benefits of tea in cardiovascular disease prevention reported in observational and interventional studies mainly arise from the presence of various antioxidants, especially flavonoids. The molecular targets of tea and its bioactive components include Nrf2 activation and NF-kB inhibition. In addition, biotechnological advances including deep sequencing and microbiota profiling are of great value to find novel molecular targets of tea. More large-scale randomized clinical trials using bioactive compounds from tea avoiding confounding factors are necessary to confirm the effects of tea consumption in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Trends of tea in cardiovascular health and disease: A critical review

Objective: This study aimed to identify and rank the different aspects of households’ vulnerability to food insecurity. Design:
 The data were collected by a standard online questionnaire. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale was used to assess food insecurity levels, and first-order structural equation modelling was applied to determine factors that affect food insecurity. Seven dimensions of vulnerability were measured: economic, social, cultural, human, physical, psychology and information, using thirty-seven items extracted from the related literature review. Setting:
 This study was implemented in Tehran province in Iran. Participants:
 The sample included 392 families residing in Tehran province which was determined using random sampling. Results:
 About 61 % of the total sample faced food insecurity, at marginal, moderate and severe levels. Economic, psychological and human aspects of vulnerability had the highest effect on food insecurity during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusions:
 Authorities and policymakers must provide economic and financial support to vulnerable households. Abolition of US economic and financial sanctions imposed on Iran must be implemented to battle with COVID-19 in this country.

/pdf/determinants-of-household-vulnerability-to-food-insecurity-2i47djeye5.pdf

Determinants of household vulnerability to food insecurity during COVID-19 lockdown in a mid-term period in Iran - ERRATUM.

Tea is frequently consumed worldwide, but the association of tea drinking with mortality risk remains inconclusive in populations where black tea is the main type consumed.To evaluate the associations of tea consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and potential effect modification by genetic variation in caffeine metabolism.Prospective cohort study.The UK Biobank.498 043 men and women aged 40 to 69 years who completed the baseline touchscreen questionnaire from 2006 to 2010.Self-reported tea intake and mortality from all causes and leading causes of death, including cancer, all cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease, stroke, and respiratory disease.During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, higher tea intake was modestly associated with lower all-cause mortality risk among those who drank 2 or more cups per day. Relative to no tea drinking, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for participants drinking 1 or fewer, 2 to 3, 4 to 5, 6 to 7, 8 to 9, and 10 or more cups per day were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.00), 0.87 (CI, 0.84 to 0.91), 0.88 (CI, 0.84 to 0.91), 0.88 (CI, 0.84 to 0.92), 0.91 (CI, 0.86 to 0.97), and 0.89 (CI, 0.84 to 0.95), respectively. Inverse associations were seen for mortality from all CVD, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Findings were similar regardless of whether participants also drank coffee or not or of genetic score for caffeine metabolism.Potentially important aspects of tea intake (for example, portion size and tea strength) were not assessed.Higher tea intake was associated with lower mortality risk among those drinking 2 or more cups per day, regardless of genetic variation in caffeine metabolism. These findings suggest that tea, even at higher levels of intake, can be part of a healthy diet.National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program. 

Tea Consumption and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the UK Biobank

Background: A small change in tea consumption at population level could have large impact on public health However, the health benefits of tea intake among Americans are inconclusiveObjective: To

Is There a Dose–Response Relationship between Tea Consumption and All-Cause, CVD, and Cancer Mortality?

Objective Both physical activity (PA) and diet are important contributors to health and well-being; however, there is limited information on the association of these behaviours and whether observed associations differ by weight. The present study aimed to evaluate whether nutrient intake is associated with PA and if this association varies by weight in young adults. Design Cross-sectional study to analyse the association between PA and nutrient intake. Setting Participants were stratified as normal weight (18·5 kg/m2 <BMI <25·0 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI≥25·0 kg/m2). PA level (PAL) was calculated (PAL=total daily energy expenditure/RMR) and used to stratify groups (PAL<1·6, 1·6≤PAL<1·9, PAL≥1·9). Subjects Adults (n 407; age 27·6 (sd 3·8) years, 48 % male), with BMI between 20 and 35 kg/m2, having at least two 24 h diet recalls and at least 5 d (including two weekend days) of valid, objectively measured PA data were included in the analysis. Results In normal-weight participants, higher PAL was associated with higher intakes of minerals (except Ca, Fe and Zn), B-vitamins and choline (P for trend <0·05). In the overweight/obese group, higher PAL was associated with higher intakes of fibre, K, Na and Cu (P for trend <0·05). These differences, however, were no longer significant after additionally controlling for total energy intake. Conclusions More active young adults have higher intakes of essential micronutrients. The benefits of PA may be predominantly due to a higher overall food intake while maintaining energy balance rather than a healthier diet.

/pdf/is-nutrient-intake-associated-with-physical-activity-levels-a7eozdnpb7.pdf

Is nutrient intake associated with physical activity levels in healthy young adults

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Is There a Dose–Response Relationship between Tea Consumption and All-Cause, CVD, and Cancer Mortality?

Is nutrient intake associated with physical activity levels in healthy young adults