Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most important and typical ethylene sensitive cut flowers worldwide, although how ethylene influences the petal senescence process in carnation remains largely unknown. Here, we screened out one of the key transcription factors, DcWRKY75, using a constructed ethylene induced petal senescence transcriptome in carnation and found that it shows quick induction by ethylene treatment. Silencing of DcWRKY75 delays ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation. Molecular evidence confirms that DcWRKY75 can bind to the promoter regions of two main ethylene biosynthetic genes (DcACS1 and DcACO1) and a couple of senescence associated genes (DcSAG12 and DcSAG29) to activate their expression. Furthermore, we show that DcWRKY75 is a direct target gene of DcEIL3-1, which is a homolog of the ethylene signaling core transcription factor EIN3 in Arabidopsis. DcEIL3-1 can physically interact with DcWRKY75 and silencing of DcEIL3-1 also delays ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation and inhibits the ethylene induced expression of DcWRKY75 and its target genes. The present study demonstrates that the transcriptional regulation network is vitally important for ethylene induced petal senescence process in carnation and potentially in other ethylene sensitive cut flowers.

DcWRKY75 promotes ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).

This study established a new method for regenerating Anthurium andraeanum Lind. and evaluated effects of different wavelengths from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on rooting and growth of adventitious shoots. Callus occurred in leaf explants of A. andraeanum 'Alabama' and 'Sierra' cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with four concentrations of N-phenyl-N#-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5- ylurea (TDZ). Adventitious shoots were induced from callus pieces (' 1c m 3 ) cultured on the modified MS medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA) with kinetin (KN), BA, and/or KN with 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) or a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Results showed that 1.82 mM TDZ induced 83.3% and 77.8% of leaf explants of 'Alabama' and 'Sierra' to produce callus and 24.9 and 24.7 adventitious shoots were produced per callus piece of 'Alabama' and 'Sierra' cultured on the modified MS medium containing 0.89 m MB A, 2.32 mM KN, and 0.98 mM IBA, respectively. Adventitious shoots were cut and rooted in the modified MS medium containing 0.98 mM IBA and grown under the same light level but with different light qualities. All adventitious shoots rooted; root numbers, root lengths, root fresh and dry weights, and leaf area of plantlets grown under red plus blue light were comparable to those grown under conventional fluorescent white light. Shoot height was the greatest in monochromic blue light followed by red light. Shoot fresh and dry weights of plantlets grown under red plus blue light, however, were significantly greater than those grown under the other light qualities. Plantlets grown under red plus blue light had 22.7% greater total dry weight and more balanced root-to-shoot ratio than those grown under fluorescent white light. These results suggested the use of complex of red plus blue LED could be an option for improving growth of A. andraeanum plantlets in vitro.

/pdf/regeneration-of-anthurium-andraeanum-from-leaf-explants-and-457cbpwu9t.pdf

Regeneration of Anthurium andraeanum from Leaf Explants and Evaluation of Microcutting Rooting and Growth under Different Light Qualities

Anthurium in vitro: A review

A successful protocol for high frequency callus induction and plant regeneration from Anthurium andreanum Linden ex Andre cv. Tropical half-anthers is described. Different variables using Winarto and Teixeira and Murashige and Skoog basal media supplemented with several plant growth regulators [2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (0.1–1.0 mg/l), α-naphthalene acetic acid (0.01–0.2 mg/l), thidiazuron (0.5–2.0 mg/l), 6-benzylaminopurine (0.5–1.0 mg/l), and kinetin (0.5–1.0 mg/l)] were tested for their ability to induce high frequency callusing in half-anthers, indirect regeneration and rooting of shoots. Basal medium, as well as the combination and concentration of hormones applied, had a significant effect on callus formation, shoot regeneration and adventitious root formation. Winarto and Teixeira-1, an original basal medium containing 0.01 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid, 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron and 1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine was suitable for callus formation while an improved basal medium i.e., New Winarto–Teixeira-3 supplemented with 0.25 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 0.02 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid, 1.5 mg/l thidiazuron and 0.75 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine enhanced callus formation. High shoot regeneration and multiplication was also possible on New Winarto–Teixeira-3. Shoots formed a strong adventitious root system on New Winarto–Teixeira-3 containing 0.2 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid and 1.0 mg/l kinetin. Plantlets that varied in size and performance were successfully acclimatized and adapted to ex vitro conditions. Cytological analysis of 180 acclimatized-plantlets ex vitro revealed that 34 were haploid (n = 14–18), 15 aneuploid (n = 20–26), 126 diploid (n = 28–34) and 5 triploid (n = 45–57). The potential use of this protocol for developing half-anther culture of other Anthurium species or cultivars is discussed.

New basal media for half-anther culture of Anthurium andreanum Linden ex André cv. Tropical

Molecular characterization of two banana ethylene signaling component MaEBFs during fruit ripening

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Carnation EBF1 Gene During Flower Senescence and upon Ethylene Exposure and Sugar

Study on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pepper with Barnase and Cre gene.

Plant Regeneration by Callus-Mediated Protocorm-Like Body Induction of Anthurium andraeanum Hort.

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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Carnation EBF1 Gene During Flower Senescence and upon Ethylene Exposure and Sugar

Study on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pepper with Barnase and Cre gene.

Plant Regeneration by Callus-Mediated Protocorm-Like Body Induction of Anthurium andraeanum Hort.