In Europe, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) are used as organic indicators for the analytical characterization of laundry water. However, the values of these indicators are derived from one-off analytical measurements at a defined frequency. In addition, there are few data on the temporal variability of COD and BOD5 parameters and on water biodegradability beyond 5 days. In this work, samples of physicochemical treated wastewater were collected for 1 year and their content in COD and BOD5 measured, with BOD monitored over 35 days. The results showed that, for the 24 samples studied, the average and standard deviation values were 835 ± 176 mg/L for COD and 445 ± 114 mg/L for BOD5, indicating a biodegradability index of 2.0 ± 0.4. The interpretation of the data also indicated that the concentrations were close to emission limit value, particularly for BOD5. BOD21 values were particularly high compared to the initial COD, indicating the biodegradability of water. Laundry effluents were also rich in substances very quickly biodegradable, which has been demonstrated by the values of the ratio between BOD7 and BOD5. However, a significant proportion of surfactants is not degraded, as shown by measurements of total organic carbon and anionic surfactant analysis. The results of this study could help the industrial partner involved in our project to guide its choice of the complementary method to better treat wastewater and to reduce its organic load.

Chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand analysis of discharge waters from laundry industry: monitoring, temporal variability, and biodegradability

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to an extensive use of surfactants in the form of disinfectants, surface cleaners, sanitisers and shower gels for hygiene. Considering their environmental impact, it becomes essential to keep track of the surfactants emitted by cleansers, cosmetics, and hygiene products. Linear alkyl benzenes (LABs) are discharged substantially into the environment as a by-product of hazardous linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS), an anionic surfactant widely used in detergent manufacture. Many signals linked to the characteristic fragments of LABs, C7H7+ (mass 91.05) have been identified by high-resolution orbitrap mass spectroscopy. Precise qualitative and quantitative predictions can only facilitate the correct remedial methods to be applied for surfactant eradication. Thus, it is crucial to detect surfactants qualitatively and quantitatively in the water reservoirs. The current review focuses on various analytical approaches used for detecting surfactants in surrounding water reservoirs, which have been explored mainly for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Based on recent developments, techniques like Spectroscopy, Chromatography, Potentiometry, Titrimetry, and Electrophoresis have been discussed. This manuscript highlights specific methods regularly employed for surfactant analysis, including their advantages, disadvantages, and the problems associated with the various detection techniques of surfactants. This article emphasises on the need for automated yet simple methods for surfactant analysis aiding in choosing the correct detection method.KEYWORDS: Wastewatersurfactantssample extractionpre-treatmentspectroscopychromatography Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ contributionsDeepali Kulkarni: Literature survey, study concept, data interpretation, drafting;Dipika Jaspal: Critical revision, Guiding, Proofreading supervision.All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2285372.Additional informationFundingThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. 

Techniques for surfactant detection from wastewater: a review

Characterization and treatment of industrial laundry wastewaters: a review

Laundry wastewater purification using simple tools

Laundry wastewater contains a large number of surfactants, suspended solids and other pollutants, and the COD value is high If the wastewater is discharged into the water without harmless treatment, it will cause serious environmental pollution The electrocoagulation process was selected as a promising environmentally friendly technology for treating domestic laundry wastewater In this paper, the contribution of the liquid and powder detergents to the composition of domestic laundry wastewater was investigated Combination of stainless steel and aluminum anode electrodes were compared The effect of electrolysis time and current density on the removal of COD, LAS and turbidity of liquid detergent and powder detergent laundry wastewater were evaluated The experimental results showed the electrocoagulation process has significant removal It was found that the electrolysis time in 25 minute, current density in 5 mA/cm2 had optimum efficiency when considering efficient removal and economic energy consumption For Liquid detergent laundry wastewater, COD, LAS and turbidity removal rates were 84%, 93% and 96% For powder detergent laundry wastewater, COD, LAS and turbidity removal efficiency were 80%, 83% and 91%, respectively Energy consumption in the optimum conditions for liquid detergent and powder detergent laundry wastewater by electrocoagulation were 7324KWh/m3 , 3642KWh/m3 , respectively, while using combination of stainless steel and aluminum anode electrodes equals 1 to 1

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Using electric flocculation to treat domestic laundry wastewater with different types of detergents

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Using electric flocculation to treat domestic laundry wastewater with different types of detergents