The development of efficient organic sonosensitizers is crucial for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in the field of cancer treatment. Herein, a new strategy for the development of efficient organic sonosensitizers based on triarylboron‐doped acenethiophene scaffolds is presented. The attachment of boron to the linear acenethiophenes lowers the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, resulting in redshifted absorptions and emissions. After encapsulation with the amphiphilic polymer DSPE‐mPEG2000, it is found that the nanostructured BAnTh‐NPs and BTeTh‐NPs (nanoparticles of BAnTh and BTeTh) shows efficient hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation under ultrasound (US) irradiation in aqueous solution with almost no phototoxicity, which can overcome the shortcomings of O2‐dependent SDT and avoid the potential cutaneous phototoxicity issue. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic results validate that boron‐doped acenethiophenes as sonosensitizers enable high SDT efficiency with low phototoxicity and good biocompatibility, indicating that boron‐functionalization of acenes is a promising strategy toward organic sonosensitizers for SDT.

Triarylboron‐Doped Acenethiophenes as Organic Sonosensitizers for Highly Efficient Sonodynamic Therapy with Low Phototoxicity

Injectable hydrogels with high drug loading through B-N coordination and ROS-triggered drug release for efficient treatment of chronic periodontitis in diabetic rats.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for anticancer treatments and is becoming a cutting-edge interdisciplinary research field. This review starts with the latest developments of SDT and provides a brief comprehensive discussion on ultrasonic cavitation, sonodynamic effect, and sonosensitizers in order to popularize the basic principles and probable mechanisms of SDT. Then the recent progress of MOF-based sonosensitizers is overviewed, and the preparation methods and properties (e.g., morphology, structure, and size) of products are presented in a fundamental perspective. More importantly, many deep observations and understanding toward MOF-assisted SDT strategies were described in anticancer applications, aiming to highlight the advantages and improvements of MOF-augmented SDT and synergistic therapies. Last but not least, the review also pointed out the probable challenges and technological potential of MOF-assisted SDT for the future advance. In all, the discussions and summaries of MOF-based sonosensitizers and SDT strategies will promote the fast development of anticancer nanodrugs and biotechnologies.

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)-Assisted Sonodynamic Therapy in Anticancer Applications.

Nanomaterials-Modulated Fenton Reactions: Strategies, Chemodynamic Therapy and Future Trends

State of the Art Advancements in Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT): Metal-Organic Frameworks for SDT

Hypoxia, the typical and conspicuous characteristic of most solid tumors, worsens the tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Here, we engineered a sequential ultrasound (US)/hypoxia-sensitive sonochemotherapeutic nanoprodrug by initially synthesizing the hypoxia-activated azo bond-containing camptothecin (CPT) prodrug (CPT2-Azo) and then immobilizing it into the mesopores of sonosensitizer-integrated metal organic frameworks (MOF NPs). Upon entering the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), the structure of CPT2-Azo immobilized MOFs (denoted as MCA) was ruptured and the loaded nontoxic CPT2-Azo prodrug was released from the MOF NPs. Under US actuation, this sonochemotherapeutic nanoprodrug not only promoted sonosensitizer-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) via the conversion of oxygen into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also aggravated hypoxia in the TME by elevating oxygen consumption. The exacerbated hypoxia in turn served as a positive amplifier to boost the activation of CPT2-Azo, and the controllable release of toxic chemotherapeutic drug (CPT), and compensated the insufficient treatment efficacy of SDT. In vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed that sequential SDT and tumor hypoxia-activated sonochemotherapy promoted the utmost of tumor hypoxia and thereby contributed to the augmented antitumor efficacy, resulting in conspicuous apoptotic cell death and noteworthy tumor suppression in vivo. Our work provides a distinctive insight into the exploitation of the hypoxia-activated sonochemotherapeutic nanoprodrug that utilizes the hypoxic condition in TME, a side effect of SDT, to initiate chemotherapy, thus causing a significantly augmented treatment outcome compared to conventional SDT.

Sequential Ultrasound-Triggered and Hypoxia-Sensitive Nanoprodrug for Cascade Amplification of Sonochemotherapy.

The engineered nanoformulation that can be activated by intracellular tumor microenvironment, including acidic pH, overexpressed H2O2, and high concentration of glutathione (GSH), features high efficacy to eradicate tumor cells with the intrinsic specificity and therapeutic biosafety. However, the relatively slow reaction rate of traditional Fe2+-mediated Fenton reaction induces the low production amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently the limited therapeutic outcome against tumors. Here, we established Cu (II)-based two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets as a distinct chemoreactive nanocatalyst for GSH-triggered and H2O2-augmented chemodynamic therapy (CDT), depending on the "AND" logic gate, for significant tumor suppression. After internalization by tumor cells, the MOF catalytic nanosheets reacted with local GSH for inducing GSH consumption and reducing the Cu2+ into Cu+. Subsequently, abundant hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generation was achieved via Cu+-mediated Fenton-like catalytic reaction. The dual effects of ·OH production and GSH depletion thus enhanced ROS production and accumulation in tumor cells, leading to significant cellular apoptosis and tumor inhibition, which was systematically demonstrated in both 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 tumor models. Therefore, GSH and H2O2, serve as an "AND" logic gate to trigger the Cu+-mediated Fenton-like reaction and reduce GSH level for augmented CDT with high therapeutic specificity and efficacy, thus inducing cellular apoptosis primarily through ferroptosis at the RNA sequence level. 

/pdf/engineering-2d-cu-composed-metal-organic-framework-3qt7pm8x.pdf

Engineering 2D Cu-composed metal–organic framework nanosheets for augmented nanocatalytic tumor therapy

Purpose Chronic low-grade inflammation is detected in obese and diabetic individuals. Tetracyclines, used as antibiotics for years, have been demonstrated to have diverse non-bactericidal effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate whether doxycycline at sub-antimicrobial concentrations could improve glycemic control in mice fed a high-fat diet, through its anti-inflammatory activities. Methods C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet to induce diabetic and obese conditions. Three sub-antimicrobial dosages of doxycycline (200, 20, and 2 μg/mL) were added to drinking water for 23 weeks during the housing phase. Results Doxycycline at 200 μg/mL tended to increase body weight, islet mass, and the percentage of large islets (diameter >350 μm). At 20 μg/mL, doxycycline significantly improved glucose tolerance and decreased fasting blood glucose. At 2 μg/mL, doxycycline increased the percentage of small islets (diameter <80 μm). Serum C-reactive protein and lipopolysaccharide levels significantly decreased while the beta-cell ratio increased in all doxycycline-administered mice. Conclusion Our results suggest that doxycycline, even at an extremely low dose, could improve glycemic control and islet morphology via its anti-inflammatory activities.

/pdf/doxycycline-in-extremely-low-dose-improves-glycemic-control-12z2mld1m4.pdf

Doxycycline in Extremely Low Dose Improves Glycemic Control and Islet Morphology in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

The aim of this study was to determine whether low dose doxycycline as an anti-inflammatory agent could improve glucose metabolism in diabetic animals. Therefore, doxycycline was supplemented in drinking water to 6-week-old male db/db mice for 10 weeks. Doxycycline reduced perirenal/epididymal fat, Lee’s index, and liver cholesterol. Blood HDL-cholesterol increased, but total cholesterol and aspartate transaminase decreased. Glucose and insulin tolerances were improved, accompanying with reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and advanced glycation end products. Islet number, β-cell percentage and mass increased, while islet size decreased. Consistently, less apoptosis but more β-cell proliferation were found in islets of treated mice. Freshly isolated islets from treated mice showed higher insulin content and enhanced glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In addition, purified islets of Balb/c mice showed increased GSIS after cultivation in vitro with doxycycline, but not with chloramphenicol and levofloxacin. Inflammation markers, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum as well as CD68-positive cells in treated islets, decreased significantly. Finally, LPS stimulated the production of inflammatory factors but inhibited GSIS of MIN6 cells; however, the effects were completely reversed by doxycycline. The results support further study of possible long-term usage of sub-antimicrobial doxycycline in diabetic patients.

/pdf/low-dose-doxycycline-decreases-systemic-inflammation-and-247arw7n9m.pdf

Low dose doxycycline decreases systemic inflammation and improves glycemic control, lipid profiles, and islet morphology and function in db/db mice.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Yi-xin Chen

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Sequential Ultrasound-Triggered and Hypoxia-Sensitive Nanoprodrug for Cascade Amplification of Sonochemotherapy.

Engineering 2D Cu-composed metal–organic framework nanosheets for augmented nanocatalytic tumor therapy

Doxycycline in Extremely Low Dose Improves Glycemic Control and Islet Morphology in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Low dose doxycycline decreases systemic inflammation and improves glycemic control, lipid profiles, and islet morphology and function in db/db mice.