Secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, natural products or plant constituents are responsible for medicinal properties of plants to which they belong. The role they play in the plant is not, to date, well known or understood, but it may be beyond the protection. Their classification is based on chemical structure, composition, their solubility in various solvents, or the pathway by which they are synthesized. The main classification system includes three major groups: terpenoids, alkaloids and phenolics. For each one, we find subclasses with complexity in structure. In this review, we deal with the description of second metabolites, their biosynthesis, function, and the current pharmacological findings. Natural products are an important source of drug candidates in pharmaceutical industry, more deeply we understand them, the easier it is for scientists to intervene in alleviating different kind of diseases. The recent references have been consulted for presenting updated information, but also showing the new potentialities of plant second metabolites in drug research and development.

Plant Secondary Metabolites: Biosynthesis, Classification, Function and Pharmacological Properties

Context The root of Potentilla anserina L. (Rosaceae) is an herbal medicine that has been used as an antitussive and expectorant drug for thousands of years in Chinese folk medicine.Objective: This study estimated the antitussive and expectorant effects of P. anserina extract to validate its traditional use.Materials and methods The antitussive and expectorant activities of the ethanol extract, aqueous extract, and polysaccharides from P. anserina were evaluated using classical animal models.Results The results showed that in three antitussive tests, the aqueous extract and polysaccharides at high and low doses significantly inhibited the frequency of cough induced by ammonia and sulfur dioxide in mice and by citric acid in guinea pigs, and increased the latent period of cough in guinea pigs. Similarly, the aqueous extract and polysaccharides also showed significant expectorant activity compared with the control in phenol red secretion experiments. Polysaccharides at dose of 600 mg/kg enhanced tra...

Antitussive and expectorant activities of Potentilla anserina

Folium Eriobotryae, the dried leaves of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica, (Thunb.) Lindl., Rosaceae), is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat cough with phlegm in China. Fallen and growing loquat leaves were tested for their effect on coughing and expectoration in mice. HPLC-ELSD and HPLC-MS analyses of aqueous and ethanol extracts of fallen or growing leaves were used to identify the chemical components responsible for this effect. Both the aqueous and ethanol extracts of growing and fallen leaves of loquat contained antitussive and expectorant activities. Moreover, an aqueous extract of growing loquat leaves with a higher flavonoid content displayed a stronger expectorant activity while the ethanol extract of fallen loquat leaves that contained a higher content of triterpenoid acids induced a stronger antitussive activity.

/pdf/antitussive-and-expectorant-properties-of-growing-and-fallen-49n080e603.pdf

Antitussive and expectorant properties of growing and fallen leaves of loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica )

The Production of Plant Natural Products Beneficial to Humanity by Metabolic Engineering

Development of sorghum processing industries is essential in expanding sorghum market as wells as it’s an economic value. Fertilizer is needed in planting. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium availabilities are the most limiting factors for maximum growth and yield. Sorghum (Numbu Variety) was planted to evaluate the maximum and optimum rates of N, P, and K fertilizers. The research was conducted in Cikarawang field, Darmaga, Bogor from MarchJuly 2015 with multi-nutrient response method. Each experiment evaluated different rates of N, P, and K fertilizer with randomized complete block design and three replications. The fertilizer rates were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of recommendation rate (100% N = 120 kg N ha-1, 100% P = 36 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 100% K = 90 kg K2O ha-1). The result showed relative yields of sorghum increased quadratically based on y = -0,0015x2 + 0,4011x + 67,571 for N, y = -0,0012x2 + 0,2917x + 78,457 for P2O5, and y = -0,001x2 + 0,2777x + 74,457 for K2O. The maximum rate for each nutrient was 160,4-43,7-124,9 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1. Fertilizer recommendation based on P threshold (no P) was 36,7-0,0-13,7 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1, K threshold (no K) was 22,0-0,0-0,0 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1, and no fertilizer needed on N threshold. The optimum rate fertilizer based on the yield vs. cost rule, therefore, the most economical recommendation would be 160,4-43,7-124,9 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1.

/pdf/penentuan-dosis-optimum-pemupukan-n-p-dan-k-pada-sorgum-1m8lj3jlnc.pdf

Penentuan Dosis Optimum Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)

Antitussive, expectorant and bronchodilating effects of ethanol extract of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench roots.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Yi Wang

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Antitussive, expectorant and bronchodilating effects of ethanol extract of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench roots.