CONTEXT\nPerfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as important food contaminants. They cause immune suppression in a rodent model at serum concentrations similar to those occurring in the US population, but adverse health effects of PFC exposure are poorly understood.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nTo determine whether PFC exposure is associated with antibody response to childhood vaccinations.\n\n\nDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS\nProspective study of a birth cohort from the National Hospital in the Faroe Islands. A total of 656 consecutive singleton births were recruited during 1997-2000, [corrected] and 587 participated in follow-up through 2008.\n\n\nMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES\nSerum antibody concentrations against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids at ages 5 and 7 years.\n\n\nRESULTS\nSimilar to results of prior studies in the United States, the PFCs with the highest serum concentrations were perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Among PFCs in maternal pregnancy serum, PFOS showed the strongest negative correlations with antibody concentrations at age 5 years, for which a 2-fold greater concentration of exposure was associated with a difference of -39% (95% CI, -55% to -17%) in the diphtheria antibody concentration. PFCs in the child's serum at age 5 years showed uniformly negative associations with antibody levels, especially at age 7 years, except that the tetanus antibody level following PFOS exposure was not statistically significant. In a structural equation model, a 2-fold greater concentration of major PFCs in child serum was associated with a difference of -49% (95% CI, -67% to -23%) in the overall antibody concentration. A 2-fold increase in PFOS and PFOA concentrations at age 5 years was associated with odds ratios between 2.38 (95% CI, 0.89 to 6.35) and 4.20 (95% CI, 1.54 to 11.44) for falling below a clinically protective level of 0.1 IU/mL for tetanus and diphtheria antibodies at age 7 years.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nElevated exposures to PFCs were associated with reduced humoral immune response to routine childhood immunizations in children aged 5 and 7 years.

[Commentary on] Serum vaccine antibody concentrations in children exposed to perfluorinated compounds

Novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various environmental media have attracted increasing attention; however, the information regarding PFASs exposure in pregnant women and fetuses is insufficient. In this study, we built and applied suspect and nontarget screening strategies based on the mass difference of the CF2, CF2O, and CH2CF2 units to select potential novel PFASs from 117 paired maternal and cord sera. In total, 10 legacy PFASs and 19 novel PFASs from 10 classes were identified to be above confidence levels 3, among which 14 were not previously reported in human serum. Novel PFASs accounted for a considerable percentage of total PFASs in pregnant women and can be transferred to fetuses at non-negligible concentrations (i.e., 27.9% and 30.3% of total PFAS intensities in maternal and cord sera, respectively). The transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE) of PFASs showed a U-shape trend in the series of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids, and unsaturated perfluorinated alcohols. The TTE of novel PFASs is suggested to be structure-dependent, based on a flexible docking experiment. This study provides comprehensive TTE information on legacy and novel PFASs for the first time, and additional toxicity studies are needed to evaluate the risk of novel PFASs further.

Transplacental Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Identified in Paired Maternal and Cord Sera Using Suspect and Nontarget Screening.

High trans-placental transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances alternatives in the matched maternal-cord blood serum: Evidence from a birth cohort study.

Remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyls (PFAS) via electrochemical methods

https://hal.ehesp.fr/hal-02464582/document

Physico-chemical properties and gestational diabetes predict transplacental transfer and partitioning of perfluoroalkyl substances.

Data on isomer-specific transplacental transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are very scarce. This study investigates transplacental transfer of 23 PFASs, including isomers of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), by analyzing 63 paired maternal and cord whole blood samples collected in Hubei, China. Significant correlations (r = 0.311–0.888; p ≤ 0.013) were observed between the concentrations in maternal and cord blood for most PFASs, indicating that PFASs could be efficiently transported from mother to fetus. For perfluorocarboxylates, a U-shaped trend of transplacental transfer efficiencies (TTEs) with increasing carbon chain lengths was confirmed. For PFOA and PFOS branched isomers, TTEs generally increased as the branching point moved closer to the carboxyl or sulfonate moiety, and branched isomers transferred more efficiently than their linear isomers did. This is the first report of the TTEs of PFAS isomers based on human whole blood samples and the first calculatio...

Isomer-Specific Transplacental Efficiencies of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Human Whole Blood

Extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (exARGs) constitute a significant type of antibiotic resistance genes. However, current exARGs studies are restricted due to the lack of efficient extraction methods for extracellular DNA (exDNA), which are laborious, dependent on extra experimental agents, and prone to interference by coexisting substances. In this study, we have developed an ultra-selective exDNA extraction method based on molecular imprinting technology. The resulting guanine imprinted beads are micron grade spheres with high capacity (384.6 mg/g) and speed (90% adsorption in 10 min) for DNA adsorption at variable lengths, including ultra-short DNA (<100 bp)， without requiring extra agents. The guanine-imprinted beads demonstrated exclusive DNA adsorption capabilities and avoided interference by other competing substances. Furthermore, guanine imprinted beads effectively extracted DNA at ideal recovery efficiencies (81%∼109%) from diverse environments, such as soil, air, river water and vegetable. Higher abundance of exARGs was obtained by using guanine imprinted beads than currently used commercial magnetic beads. In addition to exDNA extraction quality, a higher diversity of exDNA-releasing bacteria was acquired by guanine imprinted beads. This contributes to 1.2-fold increase in ARG-genera (172 v.s. 150) and 3.6-fold increase in ARG-pathogen associations (96 v.s. 27), indicating a greater number of bacterial hosts of ARGs. This study provides a simple and robust method for advanced exDNA studies, such as discovering novel exARGs and identifying hosts of exARGs. 

Selective extracellular DNA (exDNA) extraction method reveals underestimated associations between extracellular antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria in diverse environments

Underestimated Associations between Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Extracellular DNA (Edna)-Releasing Bacteria in Various Environments by an Ultra-Selective Edna Extraction Method

Adenine imprinted beads as a novel selective extracellular DNA extraction method reveals underestimated prevalence of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in various environments.

Size-controlled mesoporous magnetic silica beads effectively extract extracellular DNA in the absence of chaotropic solutions

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