Breast cancer therapy has always been a hard but urgent issue. Disruption of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis has been reported as an effective antitumor strategy, while how to contribute to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload effectively is a critical issue. To solve this issue, we designed and engineered a dual enhanced Ca2+ nanogenerator (DECaNG), which can induce elevation of intracellular Ca2+ through the following three ways: Calcium phosphate (CaP)-doped hollow mesoporous copper sulfide was the basic Ca2+ nanogenerator to generate Ca2+ directly and persistently in the lysosomes (low pH). Near-infrared light radiation (NIR, such as 808 nm laser) can accelerate Ca2+ generation from the basic Ca2+ nanogenerator by disturbing the crystal lattice of hollow mesoporous copper sulfide via NIR-induced heat. Curcumin can facilitate Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum to cytoplasm and inhibit expelling of Ca2+ in cytoplasm through the cytoplasmic membrane. The in vitro study showed that DECaNG could produce a l...

Enhanced Intracellular Ca2+ Nanogenerator for Tumor-Specific Synergistic Therapy via Disruption of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Homeostasis and Photothermal Therapy

2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) is an explosive with increased heat resistance, and its mechanism of thermal decomposition is of interest. In this paper, the decomposition processes of HNS at various temperatures (2500, 2750, 3000, 3250, and 3500 K) are calculated by large-scale reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The initial reactions and the evolution of clusters (whose molecular weight is larger than HNS) are analyzed. The reaction kinetics parameters are fitted. The results show that the main initial decomposition mechanisms of HNS are C–NO2 bond dissociation and nitro-nitrite (NO2–ONO) isomerization. During decomposition, O atoms are less likely to be released from the cluster than H and N atoms. Low temperatures tend to produce larger clusters, and clusters at higher temperatures tend to decompose. The thermal decomposition of HNS is a combination of single-molecule and bimolecular decomposition mechanisms. The dimerization reaction is clearly weakened, and the C–N bond cleavage is still...

Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrostilbene by ReaxFF Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Calcium ion is vital for the regulation of many cellular functions and serves as a second messenger in the signal transduction pathways. Once the intracellular Ca2+ level exceeds the tolerance of cells (called Ca2+ overload), oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell/mitochondria apoptosis happen. Therefore, Ca2+ overload has started to be deeply exploited as a new strategy for cancer therapy due to its high efficiency and satisfactory safety. This review aims to highlight the recent development of Ca2+‐based nanomaterials (such as Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3, CaO2, CaH2, CaS, and others) able to trigger intracellular Ca2+ overload and apoptosis in cancer therapy. The intracellular mechanisms of varied Ca2+‐based nanomaterials and the different types of strategies to enhance Ca2+ overload are discussed in detail. Moreover, the design of more efficient Ca2+ overload‐mediated cancer therapies is prospected mainly based on 1) the enhanced cellular uptake by surface modification and morphology optimization of nanomaterials, 2) the accelerated Ca2+ release from nanomaterials by increasing the intracellular H+ level and by photothermal effect, and 3) the overload maintenance by Ca2+ efflux inhibition, Ca2+ influx promotion, or promoting Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Recent Advances in Calcium‐Based Anticancer Nanomaterials Exploiting Calcium Overload to Trigger Cell Apoptosis

The advantages of photo degradation for remediation of potentially hazardous and widely used explosives deposited in ground and surface water reserves has received continuous attention from researchers over the past 20 years, particularly due to energy efficiency, rapidness and the environmental safety associated with photo degradation processes. Hence, this review has introduced an up-to-date collation of knowledge regarding the radiation sources for effective photo degradation of cyclic nitramine and nitroaromatic explosives, irradiation time, photocatalysts as well as important physical–chemical parameters such as pH and substrate concentrations. Most importantly, this review has highlighted the fact that recent advances in continuous-flow photo chemistry, micro photo-reactor technology, energy efficient light sources at low wavelengths as well as advances in synthesizing photosensitive nanostructures have opened up new possibilities in regards to the application of advanced oxidation technology using photon energy for rapid, safe and energy efficient remediation of hazardous organic contaminants in the environment.

/pdf/application-of-photo-degradation-for-remediation-of-cyclic-1i5o424e67.pdf

Application of photo degradation for remediation of cyclic nitramine and nitroaromatic explosives

Trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma nanocoatings were deposited onto stainless steel coupons in direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) glow discharges and additional NH3/O2 plasma treatment to tailor the coating surface properties. The chemical stability of the nanocoatings were evaluated after 12 week storage under dry condition (25 °C) and immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. It was found that nanocoatings did not impact surface roughness of underlying stainless steel substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize surface chemistry and compositions. Both DC and RF nanocoatings had Si- and C-rich composition; and the O- and N-contents on the surfaces were substantially increased after NH3/O2 plasma treatment. Contact angle measurements showed that DC-TMS nanocoating with NH3/O2 treatment generated very hydrophilic surfaces. DC-TMS nanocoatings with NH3/O2 treatment showed minimal surface chemistry change after 12 week...

/pdf/a-chemical-stability-study-of-trimethylsilane-plasma-4grk7fhvsg.pdf

A chemical stability study of trimethylsilane plasma nanocoatings for coronary stents.

Photothermal decomposition of HNS at 532nm

/pdf/photo-thermal-decomposition-of-hns-surface-by-532nm-laser-2sbvp4oy.pdf

Photo-thermal Decomposition of HNS Surface by 532nm Laser Irradiation: Spectral and Quantitative Analysis using In-Situ XPS- Quadrupole MS Technique

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Photothermal decomposition of HNS at 532nm

Photo-thermal Decomposition of HNS Surface by 532nm Laser Irradiation: Spectral and Quantitative Analysis using In-Situ XPS- Quadrupole MS Technique