Purpose This study investigated blood pressure and ventilation efficiency by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) in different types of obesity aged 40–60 years. Material and Methods The inclusion criteria of this cross-sectional study were adults aged 40–60 years underwent health checks. CPX was measured according to the relevant standards. According to different body mass index (BMI), there were 3 groups, BMI<24 (kg/m2), 24≤BMI<28 (kg/m2) and BMI≥28 (kg/m2). There were two groups in male, waist circumference≥90 (cm) and waist circumference<90 (cm). Similarly, there were two groups in female, waist circumference≥85 (cm) and waist circumference<85 (cm). Results There were 543 individuals (64.6% male and 35.4% female) aged 40–60 years in this study. The resting blood pressure (BP) and peak BP have the significant differences in different BMI groups (p < 0.001) and male or female groups (p < 0.001). However, the resting DBP (77.70±9.45 vs 81.16±8.80, p < 0.001) and peak DBP (85.67±10.21 vs 89.03±9.94, p = 0.002) have the significant differences in different male waist circumference groups, and the resting BP (SBP 113.76±14.29 vs 121.86±15.54, p = 0.001, DBP 71.95±10.83 vs 77.27±11.42, p = 0.005) has the significant differences in different female waist circumference groups. Carbon dioxide Ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO2) has the significant differences in different male waist circumference groups (26.84±3.10 vs 27.68±2.93, p = 0.009), but it has not the significant differences in different BMI groups and different female waist circumference groups. The oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) is slightly higher in female group than male group (0.93±0.15 vs 0.89±0.15, p = 0.001). Breathing reserve has the statistical significance in BMI ≥28 group compared with the BMI <24 group (0.52±0.13 vs 0.46±0.17, ηp2=0.021). Conclusion We found that the blood pressure and ventilation efficiency of CPX were different between the obesity and normal. This will provide a basis for accurate cardiopulmonary assessment of obesity.

Analysis of Blood Pressure and Ventilation Efficiency in Different Types of Obesity Aged 40–60 Years by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

This paper employs an attention based convolutional neural network long short-term memory (A-CNN-LSTM) approach for the prediction of metasurface transmission spectrum. By inputting the pixel map of the metasurface structure, the trained A-CNN-LSTM model can quickly output corresponding transmission spectral data. The experimental results for different metasurface structures show that the A-CNN-LSTM has higher accuracy compared with the traditional CNN and CNN-LSTM models. And they agree well with traditional FDTD software simulation but can be much faster.

Prediction of Metasurface Transmission Spectrum Based on An A-CNN-LSTM Approach

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Analysis of Blood Pressure and Ventilation Efficiency in Different Types of Obesity Aged 40–60 Years by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

Prediction of Metasurface Transmission Spectrum Based on An A-CNN-LSTM Approach