Periodic phase changes in the 10(-6) -rad region have been induced and detected in a single-mode all-fiber Mach- Zehnder interferometer by stretching the fiber with a piezoelectric cylinder driven at frequencies between 40 and 10(4) Hz.

Measurement of small phase shifts using a single-mode optical-fiber interferometer

Interfacial assemblies formed by colloidal complexation are effective in multiphase stabilization, as shown in structured liquids and Pickering emulgels. Herein, we demonstrate a type of biobased colloidal system that spontaneously stabilizes an organic phase in a continuous hydrogel phase. Specifically, a triterpene extracted from bark (betulin, BE) is added to an organic phase containing a coniferous resin (rosin acid, a diterpene). BE is shown to take part in strong noncovalent interactions with the nanochitin dispersed in the aqueous (hydrogel) phase, leading to a complex of high interfacial activity. The viscoelastic response of the system is rationalized by the presence of a superstable structured dual network. When used as a templating material, the emulgel develops into structured liquids and cryogels. The herein introduced all-biobased type of nanoparticle surfactant system forms a gel ("emulsion-filled" with "aggregated droplets") that features the functional benefits of both betulin and nanochitin.

Structured Emulgels by Interfacial Assembly of Terpenes and Nanochitin.

Compound surfactant system has been extensively studied in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) as the synergistic effect of mixed surfactants can increase the density of surfactants distributed at the oil/water interface, enhancing the interfacial activity and decreasing the interfacial tension. The system can further increase the capillary number and enhance oil recovery for oil-wet reservoirs. Studying the interactions between surfactant molecules is of great significance to the enhancement of practical application performances. In this study, N, N-dihydroxyethyl alkyl amide (CDEA), and Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene carboxylate (APEC) with different EO numbers were mixed to prepare a binary compound oil displacement system. The influence of the EO number on the synergistic effect of the CDEA/APEC system and the EOR potential was measured by interfacial tension, nanomechanical tests and oil-displacement experiments. The results indicate a synergistic effect between CDEA and APEC due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of CDEA and the EO chains of APEC. An optimal synergistic effect in the system was obtained when the EO number was four. The CDEA/APEC-4 system exhibited an oil/water interfacial tension decrease to 10−2 mN/m at 75 °C and the oil recovery was 57.14 %, which was increased by 19.2 % compared to primary water flooding. However, a longer EO chain length weakened the interaction forces between CDEA and APEC, which diminished the synergistic effect of the system, leading to an increase of the interfacial tension. Due to the flexibility of the EO chain, the increase in the EO number leads to the bending of APEC molecules. The longer EO chain length weakened the interaction forces between CDEA and APEC, which diminished the synergistic effect of the system, leading to an increase of the interfacial tension. The oil-displacement experiment revealed that the EO chains changed the oil recovery and injection pressure by affecting the interfacial tension of the mixed system. This study has significant implications for the formulation design and optimization of agents for oilfield development. 

Anionic-Nonionic and Nonionic Mixed Surfactant Systems for Oil Displacement: Impact of Ethoxylate Chain Lengths on the Synergistic Effect

High internal phase Pickering emulsions via complexation of cellulose nanofibrils and nanochitin: Enhanced interfacial adsorption and structured aqueous network

This review provides comprehensive guidance on available 3D biofabrication methods, featuring solid-/soft-templating strategies, and discusses relevant opportunities for sustainable design and development. 

Biofabrication with microbial cellulose: from bioadaptive designs to living materials

Non-equilibrium multiphase systems are formed by mixing two immiscible nanoparticle dispersions, leading to bicontinuous emulsions that template cryogels with interconnected, tortuous channels. Herein, a renewable, rod-like biocolloid (chitin nanocrystals, ChNC) is used to kinetically arrest bicontinuous morphologies. Specifically, it is found that ChNC stabilizes intra-phase jammed bicontinuous systems at an ultra-low particle concentration (as low as 0.6 wt.%), leading to tailorable morphologies. The synergistic effects of ChNC high aspect ratio, intrinsic stiffness, and interparticle interactions produce hydrogelation and, upon drying, lead to open channels bearing dual characteristic sizes, suitably integrated into robust bicontinuous ultra-lightweight solids. Overall, it demonstrates the successful formation of ChNC-jammed bicontinuous emulsions and a facile emulsion templating route to synthesize chitin cryogels that form unique super-macroporous networks.

Super-Macroporous Lightweight Materials Templated from Bicontinuous Intra-Phase Jammed Emulsion Gels Based on Nanochitin.

A Molecular Dynamics Study on Nanobubble Formation and Dynamics Via Methane Hydrate Dissociation

A multiplexed optical fiber Michelson interferometers system for measurement of displacement is presented. This system employs fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and wavelength-division-multiplexing technique to multiplex two optical fiber interferometers together which share the same optical path of the main part of the optical system. When the Michelson interferometer which uses FBGs as reflective mirrors is stabilized by an electric feedback loop, the other interferometer which does the measurement work is also stabilized. An active phase tracking technique is applied for signal processing to achieve high resolution.

On-line displacement measurement using a high stability multiplexed optical fiber interferometer system

Optical Scma Coding Technique Based on Fully Interleaved 3d Codebook

Enhanced Bitumen Extraction from Oil Sands Using Co2-Responsive Surfactant Combined with Low-Salinity Brine: Toward Cleaner Production Via Co2 Utilization

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