Lilies are bulbous flowers cherished for their aesthetic and medicinal value. Within the realm of lily cultivation, scale-cutting serves as a prevailing method for vegetative propagation, yielding diminutive bulbs termed bulblets at the base of scales. However, the burgeoning demand for lilies necessitates the optimization of propagation strategies to satisfy the surging requisites. This study centers on two synthetic cytokinin analogs, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU) and 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP), identified for their capacity to amplify bulblet formation within the Asiatic hybrid lily cultivar 'Matrix'. This dynamic process encompasses two pivotal phases: initiation and development. During bulblet initiation, the basal region of the maternal scale, subject to CPPU and 2-iP treatment, exhibited an elevation in the expression of cytokinin receptor genes (<italic>LaAHK2/3/4</italic>) and an augmented GA3/ZT ratio in comparison to the control, concomitant with a decrease in the IAA/ZT ratio. Moreover, CPPU and 2-iP treatments caused a notable upregulation of sucrose metabolism genes. During bulblet development stage, CPPU and 2-iP treatments invoked an augmentation in both the diameter and mass of the bulblets. The CPPU treatment accentuated the accumulation of GA3, while the 2-iP treatment effectively fostered the accrual of IAA. Additionally, both CPPU and 2-iP treatments expedited the pace of sucrose utilization and the accumulation of starch during bulblet development. This enhanced metabolic activity was conjoined by a substantial upregulation of genes linked to sucrose metabolism. Here, we underscore the proficiency of CPPU and 2-iP in elevating the formation of lily bulblets through their orchestrated impact on hormone levels and sucrose metabolism.

Cytokinins influence bulblet formation by modulating sugar metabolism and endogenous hormones in Asiatic hybrid lily

Studying the thermal stress effect on sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in sugarcane is of great importance for understanding acclimation to thermal stress. In this study, two varieties, S2003-US-633 and SPF-238, were grown at three different temperatures ( ± 2°C): 30°C as a control, 45°C for various episodes of high temperature treatments and recovery conditions at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Data showed that reducing sugar content increased until the grand growth stage but sharply declined at the maturity stage in both cultivars. On the other hand, sucrose is enhanced only at the maturity stage. The expression of all invertase isozymes declined prominently; however, the expression of SPS was high at the maturity stage. Hence, the sucrose accumulation in mature cane was due to increased SPS activity while decreased invertase isozymes (vacuolar, cytoplasmic and cell wall) activities at maturity stage in both cultivars. Heat shock decreased the sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sucrose content and sugar recovery rate in both cultivars. In contrast, heat-shock treatments induced maximum proline, MDA, H2O2 and EC in both cultivars. Notably, this is the first report of diverse invertase isozyme molecular weight proteins, such as those with 67, 134 and 160 kDa, produced under heat stress, suggesting that these enzymes have varied activities at different developmental stages. Overall, S2003-US-633 performs better than the cultivar SPF-238 under heat stress conditions at all development stages, with increased sucrose content, enzyme expression, proline and sugar recovery rate. This work will provide a new avenue regarding sugarcane molecular breeding programs with respect to thermal stress.

Expression of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in different sugarcane varieties under progressive heat stress


Purpose
The current digital work environment promoting a “constant-on” culture is a hotbed for cyber incivility. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand its mechanisms. This study aims to shed light on the triggers, sources and impact of rude behaviours in cyberspace. The authors also present the boundary conditions that exacerbate or alleviate the effects of such negative experiences.


Design/methodology/approach
Through a systematic literature review based on predefined search protocols, the authors synthesised the current knowledge on cyber incivility and identified 21 peer-reviewed research articles.


Findings
The findings reveal the different sources of cyber incivility, its personal, relational and organisational antecedents and consequences, and its personal and situational boundary conditions that curb or enhance the negative impact.


Research limitations/implications
The authors unravel the main future research avenues based on the review findings by systemising knowledge on cyber incivility. Managerial efforts in the form of interventions and mitigation are also discussed to help combat this grieving issue in the workplace.


Originality/value
This paper presents the first systematic review of the cyber incivility literature and identifies new avenues for future research. Scholars can expand upon the findings of this study to fill gaps and move the incivility in cyberspace forward. It also offers practical insights on mitigating the advancement of such behaviours in organisations.


Unravelling the mysteries of cyber incivility: a systematic review and research agenda

Abstract Most of the carbon found in fruits at harvest is imported by the phloem. Imported carbon provide the material needed for the accumulation of sugars, organic acids, secondary compounds, in addition to the material needed for the synthesis of cell walls. The accumulation of sugars during fruit development influences not only sweetness but also various parameters controlling fruit composition (fruit “quality”). The accumulation of organic acids and sugar in grape berry flesh cells is a key process for berry development and ripening. The present review presents an update of the research on grape berry development, anatomical structure, sugar and acid metabolism, sugar transporters, and regulatory factors. 

pdf/from-acidity-to-sweetness-a-comprehensive-review-of-carbon-luff5mg5qa.pdf

From acidity to sweetness: a comprehensive review of carbon accumulation in grape berries

Salt stress is a lethal abiotic stress threatening global food security on a consistent basis. In this study, we identified an AP2 and B3 domain-containing transcription factor (TF) named SmRAV1, and its expression levels were significantly up-regulated by NaCl, abscisic acid (ABA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. High expression of SmRAV1 was observed in the roots and sepal of mature plants. The transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that SmRAV1 was localized in the nucleus. Silencing of SmRAV1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) decreased the tolerance of eggplant to salt stress. Significant down-regulation of salt stress marker genes, including SmGSTU10 and SmNCED1, was observed. Additionally, increased H2O2 content and decreased catalase (CAT) enzyme activity were recorded in the SmRAV1-silenced plants compared to the TRV:00 plants. Our findings elucidate the functions of SmRAV1 and provide opportunities for generating salt-tolerant lines of eggplant.

SmRAV1, an AP2 and B3 Transcription Factor, Positively Regulates Eggplant’s Response to Salt Stress

Identification and expression analysis of invertase family genes during grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry development under CPPU and GA treatment

The co-modulation of RAV transcription factors in ROS burst and extensive transcriptional reprogramming underlies disease resistance in cassava

: Corilagin is a promising anticancer drug candidate. Acer nikoense and A. ammonium are both known to contain corilagin. To explore whether corilagin occurs in congeneric species and to fully develop the medicinal value of maple, the corilagin content in different varieties of maple was determined by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Acer buergerianum leaves contained corilagin and the corilagin content in leaves of different varieties at the deciduous stage varied from 1.2371 to 6.8887 mg/g, with an average of 4.3791 mg/g. Among the cultivars, ‘Xingwang’ and ‘Qianlihong' showed relatively high corilagin contents and the content in ‘Qilujin’ was the lowest. The range of corilagin contents at the new leaf stage was 8.7452~11.2441 mg/g. Many parts of A. buergerianum contained corilagin, with the highest content in the leaves; based on this considerable corilagin concentration, this plant can be developed into raw material for corilagin extraction. There are large differences among varieties. To increase the output value and efficiency, it is necessary to further screen high-content varieties for industrial production; harvesting can be performed in spring and autumn, with autumn as the main season and spring as a supplemental season.

/pdf/acer-buergerianumas-a-new-resource-for-the-extraction-of-1bi7egcq.pdf

Acer Buergerianumas a New Resource for the Extraction of Corilagin: Determination of Corilaginin Different Cultivars of A. Buergerianumby UPLC

The research attempts to explore the effects of two-dimensional cyber incivility on employee well-being. Based on self-determination theory and regulatory focus theory, we conducted two studies to examine the mediating role of intrinsic motivation and the moderating role of promotion focus between cyber incivility and emotional exhaustion. The results demonstrated that both active and passive cyber incivility predicted increased emotional exhaustion, with intrinsic motivation serving as a key mediator. There was no consistent conclusion of promotion focus’s moderating role. High promotion focus might aggravate the negative effect of passive cyber incivility on intrinsic motivation. The present article provides deeper step towards understanding of cyber incivility, which also helps in the development of intervention strategies to lessen or avoid the negative impact of work-related stressful events on employee well-being.

/pdf/effects-of-two-dimensional-cyber-incivility-on-employee-well-19so083l.pdf

Effects of two-dimensional cyber incivility on employee well-being from a self-determination perspective

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Papers

Identification and expression analysis of invertase family genes during grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry development under CPPU and GA treatment

The co-modulation of RAV transcription factors in ROS burst and extensive transcriptional reprogramming underlies disease resistance in cassava

Acer Buergerianumas a New Resource for the Extraction of Corilagin: Determination of Corilaginin Different Cultivars of A. Buergerianumby UPLC

Effects of two-dimensional cyber incivility on employee well-being from a self-determination perspective