As the second natural rubber resource, Eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUR) from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is mainly composed of trans-1,4-polyisoprene, which is the isomer of natural rubber cis-1,4-polyisoprene from Hevea brasiliensis. In the past few years, the great potential application of EUR has received increasing attention, and there is a growing awareness that the natural polymer EUR could become an emerging research topic in field of the novel materials due to its unique and excellent duality of both rubber and plastic. To gain insight into its further development, in this review, the extraction, structure, physicochemical properties, and modification of EUR are discussed in detail. More emphasis on the potential applications in the fields of the environment, agriculture, engineering, and biomedical engineering is summarized. Finally, some insights into the challenges and perspectives of EUR are also suggested.

Natural Polymer Eucommia Ulmoides Rubber: A Novel Material.

Chemical profiling, quantitation, and bioactivities of Du-Zhong tea.

Microbial inoculants modulate growth traits, nutrients acquisition and bioactive compounds accumulation of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja under degraded field condition

Synthesis of an environmentally friendly binding material using pyrolysis by-products and modified starch binder for slow-release fertilizers

The floral initiation in angiosperms is a complex process influenced by endogenous and exogenous signals. With this approach, we aim to provide a comprehensive review to integrate this complex floral regulatory process and summarize the regulatory genes and their functions in annuals and perennials. Seven primary paths leading to flowering have been discovered in Arabidopsis under several growth condition that include; photoperiod, ambient temperature, vernalization, gibberellins, autonomous, aging and carbohydrates. These pathways involve a series of interlinked signaling pathways that respond to both internal and external signals, such as light, temperature, hormones, and developmental cues, to coordinate the expression of genes that are involved in flower development. Among them, the photoperiodic pathway was the most important and conserved as some of the fundamental loci and mechanisms are shared even by closely related plant species. The activation of floral regulatory genes such as FLC, FT, LFY, and SOC1 that determine floral meristem identity and the transition to the flowering stage result from the merging of these pathways. Recent studies confirmed that alternative splicing, antisense RNA and epigenetic modification play crucial roles by regulating the expression of genes related to blooming. In this review, we documented recent progress in the floral transition time in annuals and perennials, with emphasis on the specific regulatory mechanisms along with the application of various molecular approaches including overexpression studies, RNA interference and Virus-induced flowering. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between annual and perennial flowering will aid significant contributions to the field by elucidating the mechanisms of perennial plant development and floral initiation regulation. 

An overview of floral regulatory genes in annual and perennial plants.

Dynamic changes of photosynthetic properties and chemical compositions of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver under two planting models

GhGAI interacts with GhAP1 and regulates flowering pathway in upland cotton

A Dof Transcription Factor Ghdof1.7 Plays a Positive Regulatory Role Under Salinity Stress in Upland Cotton

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Dynamic changes of photosynthetic properties and chemical compositions of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver under two planting models

GhGAI interacts with GhAP1 and regulates flowering pathway in upland cotton

A Dof Transcription Factor Ghdof1.7 Plays a Positive Regulatory Role Under Salinity Stress in Upland Cotton