Functional phase change materials (PCMs) capable of reversibly storing and releasing tremendous thermal energy during the isothermal phase change process have recently received tremendous attention in interdisciplinary applications. The smart integration of PCMs with functional supporting materials enables multiple cutting-edge interdisciplinary applications, including optical, electrical, magnetic, acoustic, medical, mechanical, and catalytic disciplines etc. Herein, we systematically discuss thermal storage mechanism, thermal transfer mechanism, and energy conversion mechanism, and summarize the state-of-the-art advances in interdisciplinary applications of PCMs. In particular, the applications of PCMs in acoustic, mechanical, and catalytic disciplines are still in their infancy. Simultaneously, in-depth insights into the correlations between microscopic structures and thermophysical properties of composite PCMs are revealed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects are also highlighted according to the up-to-date interdisciplinary applications of PCMs. This review aims to arouse broad research interest in the interdisciplinary community and provide constructive references for exploring next generation advanced multifunctional PCMs for interdisciplinary applications, thereby facilitating their major breakthroughs in both fundamental researches and commercial applications.

Phase Change Thermal Storage Materials for Interdisciplinary Applications.

Heat storage technology is critical for solar thermal utilization and waste heat utilization. Phase change heat storage has gotten a lot of attention in recent years due to its high energy storage density. Nevertheless, phase change materials (PCMs) also have problems such as leakage, corrosion, and volume change during the phase change process. Ceramic-based materials with excellent corrosion resistance, good wettability to PCMs, and high thermal conductivity can efficiently compensate for the above drawbacks. Most importantly, ceramic-based composite phase change materials (CPCMs) can simultaneously utilize the latent heat of phase change materials and the sensible heat of ceramic-based materials to achieve high heat storage density. This paper systematically summarizes the preparation, characterization, and application of ceramic-based CPCMs. Firstly, the types, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of ceramic heat storage materials and PCMs are introduced, respectively. Then, the necessity of the composite of ceramic materials and PCMs is proposed. After that, the preparation methods and properties of ceramic-based molten salt, organic, and metal CPCMs are analyzed. Moreover, their applications in waste heat recovery, thermal management for buildings, solar thermal energy storage, and electronic heat dissipation are introduced. Finally, the existing problem and optimization direction of ceramic-based CPCMs are further discussed. 

Review on ceramic-based composite phase change materials: Preparation, characterization and application

Thermal performance of novel form-stable disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate-based composite phase change materials for building thermal energy storage

Self-healed inorganic phase change materials for thermal energy harvesting and management

Due to strict regulations and the requirement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles (BEVs) are a promising mode of transportation. The lithium battery is the most important power source for an electric vehicle, but its performance and life are greatly restricted by temperature. To ensure the safety of automobile operation and alleviate mileage anxiety, it is urgent to understand the current situation and predict the development and challenge of battery thermal management system. This work reviews the existing thermal management research in five areas, including cooling and heating methods, modeling optimization, control methods, and thermal management system integration for lithium batteries. Battery thermal management types include air-based, liquid-based, PCM-based, heat-pipe-based, and direct cooling. Designing a better battery thermal management system not only needs to be optimized using algorithms on the model but also it uses intelligent algorithms for precise control to achieve safety and reduce energy consumption. This work also reviews the differences in thermal management systems between square and cylindrical batteries and summarizes the development trend of modularity in battery thermal management systems. 

Review on Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles: Advances, Challenges, and Outlook

Bamboo derived SiC ceramics-phase change composites for efficient, rapid, and compact solar thermal energy storage

Fast and stable solar/thermal energy storage via gradient SiC foam-based phase change composite

The phase change material is currently being regarded as an effective cooling media to be applied in the thermal management of lithium batteries‐powered vehicles, in which the inorganic hydrate phase change material is desirable and widely investigated due to the high thermal conductivity, latent heat value, and low cost. However, when applied to thermal energy storage applications, supercooling and phase separation are problematic. To effectively circumvent this issue, this work considers utilizing the disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate as the matrix of the composite phase change material, as the phase transition temperature is suitable for the battery's operating temperature range. Meanwhile, the nucleating agent sodium metasilicate nonahydrate with similar lattice parameters and the thickener carboxymethyl cellulose are used to suppress the supercooling and eliminate the phase separation, respectively. Effects of nucleating agent, surface modified aluminum nitride, and short‐cut carbon fiber on the supercooling degree, and thermal conductivity and curing performance in the phase change material are evaluated and discussed in detail to determine the optimal preparation scheme for Na2HPO4·12H2O/modified AlN/CF inorganic composite phase change materials. Experimental results show that the addition of 4 wt% Na2SiO3·9H2O, 4 wt% CMC, 12 wt% modified AlN, and 6 wt% CF reduces the supercooling degree of the composite phase change material to 1.9°C and increases the thermal conductivity to 1.86 W/(m·K). The composite phase change material is found to have a suitable phase change temperature (35°C), high latent heat (249 J/g), excellent shaping effect, and electrical safety performance. In addition, the composite phase change material battery module can effectively control the battery's temperature, with the maximum temperature reduced by 40.9°C at 3C discharge rate and 30°C ambient temperature compared with the natural cooling battery module. The maximum temperature difference of the composite phase change material battery module is shown to be reduced to the minimum value of 0.9°C.

Experimental investigation of aluminum nitride/carbon fiber‐modified composite phase change materials for battery thermal management

Experimental Investigation of a Battery Thermal Management Device Based on a Composite Phase Change Material Coupled with a Double Helix Liquid Cooling Plate

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Bamboo derived SiC ceramics-phase change composites for efficient, rapid, and compact solar thermal energy storage

Fast and stable solar/thermal energy storage via gradient SiC foam-based phase change composite

Experimental investigation of aluminum nitride/carbon fiber‐modified composite phase change materials for battery thermal management

Experimental Investigation of a Battery Thermal Management Device Based on a Composite Phase Change Material Coupled with a Double Helix Liquid Cooling Plate