Liquid crystal (LC)-based adaptive optics are important for information processing, optical interconnections, photonics, integrated optics, and optical communications due to their tunable optical properties. In this dissertation, we describe novel liquid crystal photonic devices and their fabrication methods. The devices presented include inhomogeneous polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), polymer network liquid crystals (PNLC) and phase-separated composite film (PSCOF). Liquid crystal/polymer composites could exist in different forms depending on the fabrication conditions. In Chap. 3, we demonstrate a novel nanoscale PDLC device that has inhomogeneous droplet size distribution. In such a PDLC, the inhomogeneous droplet size distribution is obtained by exposing the LC/monomer with a non-uniform ultraviolet (UV) light. An electrically tunable-efficiency Fresnel lens is devised for the first time using nanoscale PDLC. The tunable Fresnel lens is very desirable to eliminate the need of external spatial light modulator. Different gradient profiles are obtained by using different photomasks. The nanoscale LC droplets are randomly distributed within the polymer matrix, so that the devices are polarization independent and exhibit a fast response time. Because of the small droplet sizes, the operating voltage is higher than 100 Vrms. To lower the driving voltage, in Chap. 2 and Chap. 3, we have investigated a polymer-network liquid crystal (PNLC) using a rod-like monomer structure. Since the monomer concentration is only about 5%, the operating voltage is below 10 Vrms. The PNLC devices are polarization dependent. To overcome this shortcoming, stacking two cells with orthogonal alignment directions is a possibility. In Chap. 3, another approach to lower the operating voltage is to use phase-separated composite film (PSCOF) where the LC and polymer are separated completely to form two layers. Without multi-domain formed in the LC cell, PSCOF is free from light scattering. Using PNLC and PSCOF, we also demonstrated LC blazed grating and Fresnel lens. The diffraction efficiency of these devices is continuously controlled by the electric field. Besides Fresnel lens, another critical need for imaging and display is to develop a system with continuously tunable focal length. A conventional zooming system controls the lens distance by mechanical motion along the optical axis. This mechanical zooming system is bulky and power hungry. To overcome the bulkiness, in Chap. 4 we developed an electrically tunable-focus flat LC spherical lens which consists of a spherical electrode imbedded in the top flat substrates while a planar electrode on the bottom substrate. The electric field from the spherical and planar electrodes induces a centrosymmetric gradient refractive index distribution within the LC layer which, in turn, causes the focusing effect. The focal length is tunable by the applied voltage. A tunable range from 0.6 m to infinity is achieved. Microlens array is an attractive device for optical communications and projection…

/pdf/tunable-liquid-crystal-photonic-devices-2sanvzvo9t.pdf

Tunable Liquid Crystal Photonic Devices

1. List of papers submitted or published under ARO sponsorship during reporting period. (a) Manuscripts submitted, but not published

본 논문에서는 액정 디스플레이의 구현에 있어서 필수적인 필름인 편광판에 ITO를 증착하여 기존 액정 디스플레이에서 두께의 대부분을 차지하는 유리기판을 제거함으로써 경략 박형 액정 셀을 구현하였다. 저온(40℃)에서 편광판에 sputtering으로 buffer layer와 ITO를 증착하여 높은 투과율과 낮은 비저항 및 편평도를 확보하였다. 최종적으로 저온공정이 가능한 ion-beam 배향법을 이용하여 액정을 배향하고 액정 셀을 제작하고 전기광학특성을 확인하였다.

http://www.koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201115037886311.pdf

Ito 박막이 증착된 편광판을 기판으로 하는 액정 셀의 제작

A fast-switching and scattering-free phase modulator using polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) is demonstrated at λ =1.55 μm for laser beam steering application. The strong polymer network anchoring greatly reduces the visco-elastic coefficient of the LC. As a result, the PNLC response time is improved by ∼300X, although the threshold voltage is increased by ∼25X. Computer simulation results agree with experiments well.

58.2: Fast‐Response Polymer Network Liquid Crystals for Optical Communications

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58.2: Fast‐Response Polymer Network Liquid Crystals for Optical Communications