A review of ventilation and cooling systems for large-scale pig farms

Minimal use of noble metals is ideal in developing catalytic systems against carcinogenic formaldehyde (FA) in air. Although single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been proposed to maximize atomic utilization, metals dispersed to the single-atom limit are less durable in redox environments. A highly dispersed platinum (Pt) ensemble (Ptn) on titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized and validated to achieve 100% conversion of 100 ppm FA in dry air at room temperature (RT) at a gas hourly space velocity of 47,771 h−1. In contrast, Pt SAC (Pt1/TiO2) and a reference Pt nanoparticle catalyst (PtNP/TiO2) exhibited much lower performances. The turnover frequencies (TOFs) of Ptn/TiO2, Pt1/TiO2, and PtNP/TiO2 for the RT FA oxidation reaction were 0.03, 0.01, and 0.005 s−1, respectively. The critical role of the surface lattice oxygen (Olatt) in the overall reaction was supported by the prominence of the Mars van Krevelen kinetics in FA oxidation by the Ptn catalyst. The performance of the PtNP catalyst matched with Ptn only when the Pt loading in the former was raised to 2 wt%. Hence, the Pt dose can be reduced by one-fourth through the ensemble form dispersed at the sub-nanometer scale. The density functional theory simulation also distinguished the roles of different Pt catalysts. The Ptn sites could serve as an oxygen reservoir (effective dissociation of molecular oxygen) to promote proximate reactions (between the adsorbed –CHO and surface Olatt species). Conversely, Pt1 is a single site that restricts proximate reactions with vulnerability to surface poisoning. 

A platinum ensemble catalyst for room-temperature removal of formaldehyde in the air

Recent advances in TiO2-based photocatalytic concrete: Synthesis strategies, structure characteristics, multifunctional applications, and CFD simulation

Discovery of highly radon-selective metal-organic frameworks through high-throughput computational screening and experimental validation

There is a growing demand for more advanced and diverse computer-simulated persons (CSPs) to accurately evaluate the indoor environmental quality and analyze the human body interactions with environmental factors. This study aimed to develop a CSP targeting the ANDI thermal manikin, which regulates skin temperature and thermal functions through a multi-node thermoregulation model, that is, the development of a digital twin for the ANDI thermal manikin. Additionally, to ensure the prediction reliability of the numerical thermoregulation model applied to the CSP using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, the CFD results were compared with those from the chamber experiment using an ANDI thermal manikin. We conducted integrated analyses of the CSP using the Fiala thermoregulation model to calculate the metabolic heat production, at transfer between different layers and sections, and skin surface temperature. The CFD analysis was performed using the CSP under the same environmental conditions as those used in the experiment. The CSP analysis results reproduced the experimental results obtained using the thermal manikin in the thermal comfort evaluation with acceptable accuracy, and the root mean square deviation of the predicted mean skin temperature was approximately 0.195. Furthermore, the importance of detailed clothing geometry was highlighted by confirming that the thickness of the ventilation layer between the skin and clothing has a significant effect on the thermal performance. The comprehensive prediction method for indoor environments based on the advanced CSP developed in this study can contribute to human-centered indoor environmental planning through parametric analyses under various environmental scenarios. 

Integration of computer-simulated persons with multi-node thermoregulation model that considers the effect of clothing for skin surface temperature distribution analysis

Study on the kinetic characteristics of indoor air pollutants removal by ventilation

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Study on the kinetic characteristics of indoor air pollutants removal by ventilation