Protecting the environment from harmful pollutants has become increasingly difficult in recent decades. The presence of heavy metal (HM) pollution poses a serious environmental hazard that requires intricate attention on a worldwide scale. Even at low concentrations, HMs have the potential to induce deleterious health effects in both humans and other living organisms. Therefore, various strategies have been proposed to address this issue, with extremophiles being a promising solution. Bacteria that exhibit resistance to metals are preferred for applications involving metal removal due to their capacity for rapid multiplication and growth. Extremophiles are a special group of microorganisms that are capable of surviving under extreme conditions such as extreme temperatures, pH levels, and high salt concentrations where other organisms cannot. Due to their unique enzymes and adaptive capabilities, extremophiles are well suited as catalysts for environmental biotechnology applications, including the bioremediation of HMs through various strategies. The mechanisms of resistance to HMs by extremophilic bacteria encompass: (i) metal exclusion by permeability barrier; (ii) extracellular metal sequestration by protein/chelator binding; (iii) intracellular sequestration of the metal by protein/chelator binding; (iv) enzymatic detoxification of a metal to a less toxic form; (v) active transport of HMs; (vi) passive tolerance; (vii) reduced metal sensitivity of cellular targets to metal ions; and (viii) morphological change of cells. This review provides comprehensive information on extremophilic bacteria and their potential roles for bioremediation, particularly in environments contaminated with HMs, which pose a threat due to their stability and persistence. Genetic engineering of extremophilic bacteria in stressed environments could help in the bioremediation of contaminated sites. Due to their unique characteristics, these organisms and their enzymes are expected to bridge the gap between biological and chemical industrial processes. However, the structure and biochemical properties of extremophilic bacteria, along with any possible long-term effects of their applications, need to be investigated further. 

Potential applications of extremophilic bacteria in the bioremediation of extreme environments contaminated with heavy metals.

Diversity, heavy metals, and antibiotic resistance in culturable heterotrophic bacteria isolated from former lead–silver–zinc mine heap in Tarnowskie Gory (Silesia, Poland)

In this study, the heavy metal (Al, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Pb, and Hg) concentrations were determined in a total of 72 infant formula samples manufactured by 16 different brands in Türkiye. During the analyses, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used in evaluating the nutritional profile and the toxicological risk associated with the consumption of these products. Given the analysis results, the highest Pb content was found in milk-based 'beginner' formulas (0-6 months, 3 samples) packed in metal containers. The highest concentration of Mn was found in powdered infant formula (Brand 3) that is suitable for 9-12-month-olds. Mn level was found to be above the limit values in 9 samples (12.5%). Cd level exceeded the limit values in two infant formula samples of Brand 3 (0.038 µg/g) and Brand 15 (0.023 µg/g). Therefore, the mean Cd concentration found here reaches the maximum limit set by the European Commission (EU) legislation. Cu was detected in all infant formulas. The highest concentration was determined in Brand 1 (9-12 months, 7 samples) and found to be 2.637±1.928 µg/g. This value is much higher than the reference values set in the national and international standards. Based on the results achieved here, the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values for all the metals in infant formulas were found lower than <1. These findings suggest that the baby foods examined would not pose any health risk. The daily intakes exceeding the baby nutrition values recommended by the WHO (World Health Organization) would pose health risk since they would exceed the EDI levels.

Estimated Daily Intake and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements in Infant Formulas.

تم تقدير CyanoCobalamin (فيتامين ب 12) باستخدام طريقة لونية بسيطة وموثوقة ومعقولة التكلفة. وفقًا لهذه الطريقة ، يتم استخدام زيادة من كبريتات الحديدوز (FeSO4.7H2O ، أو FS) لاختزال فيتامين B12 ، ويتفاعل FS الزائد مع الكاشف 1،10-فينانثرولين لتكوين مركب أحمر قابل للذوبان في الماء. كان الطول الموجي الأعظم للطيف لهذا المركب هو 510 نانومتر وكان مدى خطية التركيز (5-100 ميكروجرام / مل) وكانت قيم %RSD خلال اليوم الواحد 0.107-0.259% و 1.085-0.1378٪ بين يوم و اخر، في حين تراوحت قيم %Rec من 95 إلى 100.833%. كانت قيم LOD و LOQ على التوالي 0.016 ميكروغرام / مل و 0.053 ميكروغرام / مل. تم استخدام الطريقة لتقدير فيتامين ب 12 في المستحضرات الطبية بنجاح 

التقدير اللوني للسيتوكوبال (فيتامين ب 12) بطريقة غير مباشرة باستخدام الأيونات الحديديوز و 1،10 الفينانثرولين

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and has a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. Traditional treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, still face some challenges because of high drug resistance and toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to discover a new kind of targeted drug with low toxicity and high efficiency. CDK12 is a cell cycle-dependent kinase whose main function is to activate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and promote the transcriptional extension of RNA. However, the role and molecular mechanism of CDK12 in lung cancer are still unclear. In this study, the mutation and RNA-Seq data of CDK12 in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed with the custom scripts. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and cell colony formation assays. A subcutaneous tumor experiment in nude mice was used to examine the effects of CDK12 knockdown on the in vivo tumor growth of NSCLC cells. The cell cycle distribution and the apoptosis rate of lung cancer cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Regulation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) by CDK12 was evaluated by quantitative PCR, immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. In this study we have analyzed the mutation and expression data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and found that CDK12 is highly expressed in lung cancer tissues. Clinical correlation analysis showed that high expression of CDK12 in NSCLC reduces patient survival, but its high expression is only related to early tumor progression and has no significant correlation with late tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we present evidence that CDK12 depletion in lung cancer cell lines not only leads to the inhibition of cell growth and induces apoptosis but also inhibits tumor growth of NSCLC cells in vivo. CDK12 positively regulates the expression of the oncogene TBK1 in lung cancer cells. These results revealed that CDK12 affects the progression of non-small cell lung cancer through positive regulation of TBK1 expression, suggesting that CDK12 might be a potential molecular target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. 

CDK12 loss inhibits cell proliferation by regulating TBK1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Prognostic value of genomic mutations in metastatic prostate cancer

The psychrotolerant bacteria able to induce carbonate precipitation of heavy metals at low temperatures play an essential role in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in cold regions. In this study, a psychrotolerant bacterial strain DC1 with carbonate mineralization potential, identified as Glutamicibacter sp., was isolated from tailing soil. The optimal temperatures and pH range for the growth of strain DC1 were 10-30oC and 6-8, respectively. Besides, strain DC1 showed a high degree of resistance to various metals (Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd). Furthermore, strain DC1 produced a large amount of urease (266.91 U/mL), which induced the fermentation suspension’s pH (pH 9.5 at 10oC). Moreover, the fermentation suspension of strain DC1 could generate carbonate precipitates of various metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cu) to remove them from the solutions. Based on the analyses of XRD, SEM, and EDS, the carbonate precipitates of Pb and Cd have been identified as PbCO3 and CdCO3 mineral crystals, respectively. In contrast, no mineral crystals of Ni and Cu existed. Furthermore, the carbonate minerals of Cd and Pb with regular crystal improved resistance to dilute acid. Thus, this study showed that strain DC1 without acid production could induce carbonate precipitates of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Ni at low-

http://www.pjoes.com/pdf-142611-72383?filename=The%20Isolation%20and.pdf

The Isolation and Characterization
of Glutamicibacter DC1 to Induce Carbonate
Precipitation of Some Heavy Metals
at Low-Temperature

BACKGROUND
Method for simultaneous determination of six human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is described. The HMOs include 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL, CAS number 41263-94-9), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL, CAS number 41312-47-4), 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL, CAS number 35890-39-2), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL, CAS number 35890-38-1), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT, CAS number 14116-68-8), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT, CAS number 13007-32-4). The method was designed to comply with the respective Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR, see also Table 1) respectively.


OBJECTIVE
Method is valid for six HMOs in infant formula and adult nutritional matrices, including samples with intact protein, protein hydrolysates, elemental formulations free of intact protein, and rice flour over the ranges defined in the SMPR (see also Table 2). Method not valid for determination of difucosyllactose (DFL/DiFL).


METHOD
For most samples, reconstitution with water followed by filtration. For products containing interferences (fructans and maltodextrins), hydrolysis with enzymes is used. After preparation, samples are analyzed using high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The method provides for separation of six HMOs and other carbohydrates commonly found in infant formula and adult nutritional products (e.g., lactose, sucrose, and GOS).


RESULTS
This study includes data from multiple matrices evaluated by multiple labs globally. RSDr ranged from 0.0068-4.8% RSDr and spike recovery results ranged from 89.4-109%. Calibration fit optimal with a quadratic curve; alternately linear fit showed no statistically significant impact to data (when correlation passes).


CONCLUSION
This method was reviewed by the AOAC SPIFAN Expert Review Panel (ERP) and determined to meet the SMPRs for the six noted HMOs.


HIGHLIGHTS
The method was granted First Action Official MethodsSM status.

Method for the Determination of 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), 6'-Sialyllactose (6'-SL), 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL), Lacto-N-Tetraose (LNT), and Lacto-N-neoTetraose (LNnT) by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD): First Actio

Losses of vitamin B12 during the processing and/or storage of foods and supplements have been associated with both reducing and oxidising agents. We evaluated the effects of six redox active (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ce3+, and Cr6+) and one redox inactive (Zn2+) metal ions on cyanocobalamin stability in heat-treated, milk protein-based matrices. The metal ion could either decrease (by ≤76%) or increase (by ≤56%) cyanocobalamin loss, depending on metal ion concentration and redox potential, as well as on matrix properties (metal ion binding, redox activity, and reactive oxygen species generation) and on protein properties (cysteine content, conformation, and charge density). The largest losses of cyanocobalamin appeared to be caused by redox cycling mechanisms (for Cu2+ and Fe2+); however, indications were that such losses could be mitigated by metal ion modification of the matrix. Only the redox inactive metal ion Zn2+ inhibited cyanocobalamin loss in all experimentally evaluated matrices. 

Effects of Metal Ions on Cyanocobalamin Stability in Heated Milk
 Protein‐Based
 Matrices

Cholecalciferol Encapsulation by Caseinate Hydrolysates in the Presence of Calcium and Dihydrogen Phosphate

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Prognostic value of genomic mutations in metastatic prostate cancer

The Isolation and Characterization of Glutamicibacter DC1 to Induce Carbonate Precipitation of Some Heavy Metals at Low-Temperature

Method for the Determination of 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), 6'-Sialyllactose (6'-SL), 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL), Lacto-N-Tetraose (LNT), and Lacto-N-neoTetraose (LNnT) by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD): First Actio

Effects of Metal Ions on Cyanocobalamin Stability in Heated Milk Protein‐Based Matrices

Cholecalciferol Encapsulation by Caseinate Hydrolysates in the Presence of Calcium and Dihydrogen Phosphate