Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a key inhibitor of cell cycle progression and its deletion is implicated in cancer. Here, the authors show that Rb is also involved in regulating nerve regeneration, since silencing Rb promotes neurite outgrowth and recovery of sensorimotor responses after nerve injury.

/pdf/enhancing-adult-nerve-regeneration-through-the-knockdown-of-3ti0d3u1tx.pdf

Enhancing adult nerve regeneration through the knockdown of retinoblastoma protein

Myelination calls for a remarkable surge in cell metabolism to facilitate lipid and membrane production Endogenous fatty acid (FA) synthesis represents a potentially critical process in myelinating glia Using genetically modified mice, we show that Schwann cell (SC) intrinsic activity of the enzyme essential for de novo FA synthesis, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is crucial for precise lipid composition of peripheral nerves and fundamental for the correct onset of myelination and proper myelin growth Upon FASN depletion in SCs, epineurial adipocytes undergo lipolysis, suggestive of a compensatory role Mechanistically, we found that a lack of FASN in SCs leads to an impairment of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ–regulated transcriptional program In agreement, defects in myelination of FASN-deficient SCs could be ameliorated by treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone ex vivo and in vivo Our results reveal that FASN-driven de novo FA synthesis in SCs is mandatory for myelination and identify lipogenic activation of the PPARγ transcriptional network as a putative downstream functional mediator

/pdf/de-novo-fatty-acid-synthesis-by-schwann-cells-is-essential-4b5j4skbeb.pdf

De novo fatty acid synthesis by Schwann cells is essential for peripheral nervous system myelination

Iridoid glycosides fraction from Picrorhiza kurroa attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity and peripheral neuropathy via PPAR-γ mediated inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.

Current knowledge regarding mechanisms of carcinogenesis in human beings centres around the accumulation of genetic instability, amplified cellular signalling, disturbed cellular energy metabolism and microenvironmental regulation governed by complicated cell–cell interactions. In this article, we provide an alternative view of cancer biology. We propose that cancer behaves as a systemic dictator that interacts with tissues throughout the body to control their metabolism and eventually homeostasis. The mechanism of development of this endocrine organ–like tumour (EOLT) tissue might be the driving force for cancer progression. Here, we review the literature that led to the development of this hypothesis. The EOLT phenotype can be defined as a tumour that alters systemic homeostasis. The literature indicates that the EOLT phenotype is present throughout cancer progression. The feedback mechanism that governs the interaction between tumours and various organs is unknown. We believe that investigating the mechanism of EOLT development may advance the current knowledge of regulation within the tumour macroenvironment and consequently lead to new diagnostic methods and therapy.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jcmm.12794

Hypothesis: solid tumours behave as systemic metabolic dictators.

Objectives:The aim of this study is to investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma isoform (PPARγ), in trigeminal neuropathic pain utilizing a novel mouse trigeminal inflammatory compression (TIC) injury modelResults:The study determined that the PPARγ nuclear receptor

/pdf/pparg-agonists-attenuate-trigeminal-neuropathic-pain-12fjpu2yi2.pdf

PPARγ Agonists Attenuate Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has been found to play an essential role in cell proliferation, but whether it was involved in Schwann cells differentiation has never been studied We have found in sciatic nerve injury that expression of PPAR-γ decreases mainly in Schwann cells, and it was also increased in differentiated Schwann cells Further, activated PPAR-γ by the endogenous ligand 15 d-PGJ2 increased expressions of PPAR-γ level and Schwann cell differentiation, and this effect may be protected by its antagonist GDW9662 These results indicate that PPAR-γ could promote Schwann cell differentiation, which plays an important role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration

Changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ on crushed rat sciatic nerves and differentiated primary Schwann cells.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has been found to play an essential role in cell proliferation, but whether it was involved in Schwann cells differentiation has never been studied. We have found in sciatic nerve injury that expression of PPAR-γ decreases mainly in Schwann cells, and it was also increased in differentiated Schwann cells. Further, activated PPAR-γ by the endogenous ligand 15 d-PGJ2 increased expressions of PPAR-γ level and Schwann cell differentiation, and this effect may be protected by its antagonist GDW9662. These results indicate that PPAR-γ could promote Schwann cell differentiation, which plays an important role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.

Changes of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ on Crushed Rat Sciatic Nerves and Differentiated Primary

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Changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ on crushed rat sciatic nerves and differentiated primary Schwann cells.

Changes of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ on Crushed Rat Sciatic Nerves and Differentiated Primary