Bioenergy is known as green energy produced from organic biomass, such as food leftovers, non-edible agri-residues, and municipal wastes through biotic and abiotic methods. Globally, generation of the most common renewable fuels including biohydrogen (bioH2), biogas, bioethanol, biofertilizers and bio plastics as fossil fuel substitutes by means of circular bioeconomy is gaining tremendous focus in support of environmental concerns. Carbon free bioH2 is considered as deemed fuel due to its multifaceted applications and potent ecological features. As the present commercial energy manufacturing methods tap on non-renewable fuels and associated high cost, there is an immediate need for full scale sustainable bioH2 production systems in accordance with regional demand through domestic innovations. Though, research on hydrogen production is not less common via conventional thermo chemical methods, it is essential to understand much regarding biological methods to achieve feasible transition from depleting fossil fuels to eco-friendly renewable energy. Thus, this review primarily focuses on different sustainable approaches for lignocellulosic biomass valorization towards bioH2 production along with potential thermo chemical approaches. In particular, bioH2 production from lignocellulosic biomass in the presence and absence of light by photo fermentation and dark fermentation, respectively, reactor configuration, importance of biocatalyst pretreatment and potential methods, and natural and mutant microalgal bioH2 evolution have been discussed in detail to address their industrial level applicability. 

Biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic feedstock: Abiotic and biotic methods

Recent advances in utilization of ferredoxins for biosynthesis of valuable compounds

Abstract Background Mangroves are complex and dynamic coastal ecosystems under frequent fluctuations in physicochemical conditions related to the tidal regime. The frequent variation in organic matter concentration, nutrients, and oxygen availability, among other factors, drives the microbial community composition, favoring syntrophic populations harboring a rich and diverse, stress-driven metabolism. Mangroves are known for their carbon sequestration capability, and their complex and integrated metabolic activity is essential to global biogeochemical cycling. Here, we present a metabolic reconstruction based on the genomic functional capability and flux profile between sympatric MAGs co-assembled from a tropical restored mangrove. Results Eleven MAGs were assigned to six Bacteria phyla, all distantly related to the available reference genomes. The metabolic reconstruction showed several potential coupling points and shortcuts between complementary routes and predicted syntrophic interactions. Two metabolic scenarios were drawn: a heterotrophic scenario with plenty of carbon sources and an autotrophic scenario with limited carbon sources or under inhibitory conditions. The sulfur cycle was dominant over methane and the major pathways identified were acetate oxidation coupled to sulfate reduction, heterotrophic acetogenesis coupled to carbohydrate catabolism, ethanol production and carbon fixation. Interestingly, several gene sets and metabolic routes similar to those described for wastewater and organic effluent treatment processes were identified. Conclusion The mangrove microbial community metabolic reconstruction reflected the flexibility required to survive in fluctuating environments as the microhabitats created by the tidal regime in mangrove sediments. The metabolic components related to wastewater and organic effluent treatment processes identified strongly suggest that mangrove microbial communities could represent a resourceful microbial model for biotechnological applications that occur naturally in the environment. 

Living in mangroves: a syntrophic scenario unveiling a resourceful microbiome

Investigating the Performance of Machine Learning Methods in Predicting Functional Properties of the Hydrogenase Variants

Global energy demands are increasing rapidly, and the pursuit of renewable energy sources has the potential to mitigate climate change. Biohydrogen production is regarded as a highly promising alternative approach for producing hydrogen, owing to its efficiency, renewable nature, and environmental friendliness in comparison to conventional approaches. A substantial amount of attention has been paid to the production of biohydrogen using microalgae as a source of energy that is both sustainable and clean. When it comes to producing biohydrogen from microalgae, there are a few different approaches that can be explored. This study explores various mechanisms for the production of hydrogen gas by microorganisms. It also provides insights on the recent advancements in biohydrogen production. Furthermore, it analyzes the significant challenges confronted during the biohydrogen production process and comprehends future perspectives adopted to enhance hydrogen productivity. This study emphasizes the necessity for commercial biohydrogen production research to reduce the gap between realistic and practical techno-economic viability applications. 

Harnessing wastewater-based microalgae for biohydrogen production

Ferredoxins are metalloproteins that deliver electrons to several redox partners, including [FeFe] hydrogenases that are potentially a component of biological H2 production technologies. Reduced ferredoxins can also lose electrons to molecular oxygen, which may lower the availability of electrons for cellular or synthetic reactions. Ferredoxins thus play a key role in diverse kinds of redox biochemistry, especially the enzymatic H2 production catalyzed by [FeFe] hydrogenases. We investigated how the yield of anaerobic and aerobic H2 production vary among the four different types of ferredoxins that are used to deliver electrons extracted from NADPH within the synthetic, fermentative pathway. We also assessed the electron loss due to O2 reduction by reduced ferredoxins within the pathway, for which the difference was as high as five-fold. Our findings provide valuable insights for further improving biological H2 production technologies and can also facilitate elucidation of mechanisms governing interactions between Fe-S cluster(s) and molecular oxygen.

/pdf/investigation-of-the-ferredoxin-s-influence-on-the-anaerobic-530lsxrec1.pdf

Investigation of the Ferredoxin's Influence on the Anaerobic and Aerobic, Enzymatic H2 Production.

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Investigation of the Ferredoxin's Influence on the Anaerobic and Aerobic, Enzymatic H2 Production.