The feeders in distribution networks can be generally classified into two types: homogenous and hybrid feeders. Hybrid feeders consist of non-homogeneous line segments. In this paper, a fault location scheme is proposed for distribution grids with both homogenous and hybrid feeders using the edge computing. The standard transient amplitude ratio arrays of the hybrid feeders are first constructed and stored at the edge nodes. Then, an accurate fault location model is trained by the radial basis function neural network and stored in the substation server. To achieve this goal, the transients are first sampled at the measurement nodes and transmitted to the edge nodes nearby. The amplitudes are then extracted to determine the faulty branch. For a hybrid feeder, the actual amplitude ratio array is compared with the standard one to identify the faulty line segment. Finally, the amplitude ratio of the two transient components with different frequencies at one terminal of the faulty section is computed and transmitted to the server. Based on the model of a distribution network built by PSCAD/EMTDC, extensive fault simulations are studied. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.

Edge Computing-Based Fault Location in Distribution Networks by Using Asynchronous Transient Amplitudes at Limited Nodes

This paper proposes a new method to select single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault feeder in resonant grounding power distribution system based on compensation characteristic of extinction coil in different frequencies. The proposed method is insusceptible to the influence of device polarity reverse installation. Firstly, through analyzing the zero sequence equivalent circuit under a SLG fault, the difference of zero sequence current share in fundamental frequency and second-harmonic frequency is investigated. And then, according to the change of current share (CCS), fault feeder selection criterion and steps are established. Finally, numerous simulation tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying the faulty feeder or the faulty bus. Besides, its reliability is also verified by tests with different system parameters and different fault conditions. Specially, device polarity reverse installation tests and comparisons are also implemented, which shows the advantages of the proposed method in dealing with device polarity reverse installation.

Single-Line-to-Ground Fault Feeder Selection Considering Device Polarity Reverse Installation in Resonant Grounding System

The traditional arc suppression coil cannot compensate for the active and harmonic component of the ground fault current nor fully suppress the intermittent arc. For improvement, a novel full compensation method for the ground fault current of resonant grounded systems is proposed. The impedance of the compensation component is calculated based on the phase-to-ground insulation parameters, which are precisely measured by injecting a characteristic current signal at the neutral point. When a ground fault occurs, the faulty phase is identified by the phase angle of the ground fault current. Then, the compensation component is put in between the lagging phase of the faulty phase and ground. The faulty phase voltage is suppressed to zero by the input of the compensation component, and the ground fault current is fully compensated. Simulative results indicate that the phase-to-ground insulation parameters of distribution networks are accurately measured by the proposed method. The proposed full compensation method suppresses the faulty phase voltage rapidly, and all the components contained in the ground fault current are completely compensated reliably. The intermittent-arc ground fault is suppressed effectively without being affected by the fault resistance.

A novel full compensation method for the ground fault current of resonant grounded systems

Faulty feeder detection of single phase-to-ground fault for distribution networks based on improved K-means power angle clustering analysis

The risk of catastrophic wildfire has challenged our societies and impacted various industries, with imminent danger to people's lives, financial burden, and irreparable damages to the environment, among other consequences. While progressive wildfires can impact power system operation and customer reliability and resilience, the relationship between power systems and wildfires is mutual: power systems can also contribute to wildfires. Wildfire risk of power systems is related to, in particular, fault-induced ignition events that can quickly turn into wildfires. While some electric utilities are working on approaches to mitigate such risk, the need for further research, development and demonstration of novel methodologies still exists. This paper identifies, analyzes, and compares the practices that can be further employed by utilities to manage the risk and mitigate the impact of power-system generated wildfires.

Reclosing of Distribution Systems for Wildfire Prevention

The single-phase-to-earth fault (SPTEF) current is weak in neutral ineffectively grounded systems. High fault impedance, noise and arc impair the fault feature, which increases the difficulty of faulty feeder detection. Based on the propagation characteristics of zero-mode transients (ZTs), this paper proposes a faulty feeder detection criterion by utilizing the amplitude information of the ZTs captured at both terminals. To conduct the criterion, the historical data of the ZTs recorded at both terminals of each feeder with a bus fault is collected. The standard amplitude ratios of the frequency components in the ZTs of each feeder are extracted by S-transform. After a SPTEF is detected in the system, the actual amplitude ratios of the ZTs are calculated and compared with the standard ones. Theoretical analysis and simulation indicate that the maximum ratio between the standard and actual ratios corresponds to the faulty feeder. In implementation of the criterion, both high sampling frequency and accurate synchronization are not required. A 10kV single-end radial distribution network is constructed by PSCAD/EMTDC. Various fault simulations are carried out and the calculation results demonstrate that the proposed criterion has high reliability and is not affected by neutral grounding mode, fault initial condition, high impedance fault (HIF) and noise.

/pdf/single-phase-to-earth-faulty-feeder-detection-in-power-3hnn7ge9g7.pdf

Single-Phase-to-Earth Faulty Feeder Detection in Power Distribution Network Based on Amplitude Ratio of Zero-Mode Transients

The invention discloses a fault distance measurement method of a power distribution line with a tail end connected with a short line. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a current traveling wave measurement point needs to be arranged at each of a front end, a middle point and a tail end of the line and accurate synchronization is not required. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, combining an absolute difference value of modulus current traveling wave difference at two ends of the line with the polarity of a wave head to determine whether faults occur in the shortline or the power distribution line or not; secondly, if the faults occur in the power distribution line, determining a fault region section by utilizing a specific value of modulus current travelingwave reaching time difference at two ends of the line; finally, calculating reaching time difference of former two wave heads of line mode current traveling wave of three measurement points, and comparing with a theoretical value to determine a source of the second wave head; realizing accurate distance measurement by adopting a relation between the reaching time difference of the former two waveheads and a fault distance. According to the fault distance measurement method disclosed by the invention, the accurate synchronization of each measurement point is not needed, and the method is notinfluenced by the short line, fault positions, fault resistors and fault initial phase angles; the method has relatively high precision and reliability.

Fault distance measurement method of power distribution line with tail end connected with short line

The invention discloses a wide-area current time sequence power distribution network single-phase grounding fault positioning method. Wave recording type fault indicators are arranged along a distribution line. When a single-phase earth fault occurs in the line, the fault indicators arranged along the line are started and zero sequence current information is recorded, a mathematical relation of zero sequence current, line parameters and fault positions is derived based on a distribution parameter model of the line, and a fault positioning function matrix is constructed by utilizing a wide areacurrent time sequence after the fault; and the fault positioning function matrix is converted into a least square solution for solving a nonlinear equation set, and fault points are searched by usinga chaotic particle swarm algorithm to realize accurate fault positioning. Theoretically, the method is not affected by transition resistance and fault initial angles, positioning errors caused by system errors of the fault indicator can be offset to a certain extent, fault positioning precision is improved, and the method has high practical application value.

Wide-area current time sequence power distribution network single-phase grounding fault positioning method

The invention discloses an ARIMA-wave-head-prediction-based fault traveling wave ranging method for a transmission line. Voltage measurement points are arranged at the front end and the tail end respectively. A first wave head of a line voltage is determined approximately and a waveform of the previous section of the first wave head is selected to provide initial data; the waveform is predicted byusing the ARIMA; and then the difference between the predicted waveform and the actual waveform is calculated to determine an accurate wave head position and a fault location is determined by using atwo-end method. According to the invention, the influences by the fault location, the fault resistor, and the fault initial phase angle are eliminated; and the method has the high precision and reliability.

ARIMA-wave-head-prediction-based fault traveling wave ranging method for transmission line

The invention discloses a fault location method for asynchronous grid transient traveling wave modulus time difference sampling. The method comprises: a fault region is determined by using an actual voltage modulus traveling wave arrival time difference vector; on the basis of a virtual fault point method, a fault line is identified by using a difference between a theoretical arrival time difference ratio of voltage modulus traveling waves at any two bus bars in the fault region and a corrected actual arrival time difference ratio; and then a constructed objective function is solved and a precise fault location is obtained based on an equal-interval search algorithm. The method has the following beneficial effects: precise synchronization of all measuring points is not required and influences by a fault resistor and a fault initial phase angle are eliminated; the fault location method is suitable for common faults and near-bus-end faults; and the fault location method has high precision and reliability and great engineering practice significance.

Fault location method for asynchronous grid transient traveling wave modulus time difference sampling

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