In recent years, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising new lighting technology with high external quantum efficiency, color purity, and wavelength tunability, as well as, low-temperature processability. However, the operational stability of PeLEDs is still insufficient for their commercialization. The generation and migration of ionic species in metal halide perovskites has been widely acknowledged as the primary factor causing the performance degradation of PeLEDs. Herein, this topic is systematically discussed by considering the fundamental and engineering aspects of ion-related issues in PeLEDs, including the material and processing origins of ion generation, the mechanisms driving ion migration, characterization approaches for probing ion distributions, the effects of ion migration on device performance and stability, and strategies for ion management in PeLEDs. Finally, perspectives on remaining challenges and future opportunities are highlighted. 

Ion Migration in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: Mechanism, Characterizations, and Material and Device Engineering

Smooth and Compact FASnI3 Films for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with over 14% Efficiency

Metal halide perovskites combine excellent electronic and optical properties, such as defect tolerance and high photoluminescence efficiency, with the benefits of low‐cost, large‐area, solution‐based processing. Composition‐ and dimension‐tunable properties of perovskites have already been utilized in bright and efficient light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). At the same time, there are still great challenges ahead to achieving operational and spectral stability of these devices. In this review, the origins of instability of perovskite materials, and reasons for their degradation in LEDs are considered. Then, strategies for improving the stability of perovskite materials are reviewed, such as compositional engineering, dimensionality control, defect passivation, suitable encapsulation matrices, and fabrication of core/shell perovskite nanocrystals. For improvement of the operational stability of perovskite LEDs, the use of inorganic charge‐transport layers, optimization of charge balance, and proper thermal management are considered. The review is concluded with a detailed account of the current challenges and a perspective on the key approaches and opportunities on how to reach the goal of stable, bright, and efficient perovskite LEDs.

Stability of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: Existing Issues and Mitigation Strategies Related to Both Material and Device Aspects

Strategies Toward Efficient Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells

High-Performance Perovskite-Based Blue Light-Emitting Diodes with Operational Stability by Using Organic Ammonium Cations as Passivating Agents

Enhancing Performance and Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes via Coordination Engineering of Lewis Acid–Base Adducts

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High-Performance Perovskite-Based Blue Light-Emitting Diodes with Operational Stability by Using Organic Ammonium Cations as Passivating Agents

Enhancing Performance and Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes via Coordination Engineering of Lewis Acid–Base Adducts