A highly efficient electrocatalyst is a key factor in CO2 conversion using electrochemical methods. Although the single metal catalyst is a key electrocatalyst, its broader application is seriously hindered when it demonstrates unsatisfactory performance. Consequently, how to tune the catalytic capacity of single metal catalysts is an urgent issue that needs to be resolved. In this study, a series of single metal In/C catalysts were synthesized using NaBH4 as a reducing agent, and it was found that the content and crystallinity of In (0) depended on the as-used structure directing agents. Electrochemical tests showed that In/C (CT) synthesized by adding CTAB could effectively reduce CO2 to formic acid with a high Faraday efficiency (89%) of HCOOH at −0.61 V vs. RHE. In the meantime, it presented superior stability during 10 h electrolysis. It was interesting to find that In/C (CA) and In/C (ET) also exhibited better catalytic performance in a wide potential range, which indicated that the crystallinity of indium obviously affected the selectivity and activity during the reduction of CO2 to HCOOH. Furthermore, lower crystallinity of In (0) in In/C (CA) and In/C (ET) led to more efficient catalytic properties in a wide potential range.

A cost-effective indium/carbon catalyst for highly efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to HCOOH

Achieving decarbonization through zero net CO2 emissions requires commercially viable application of waste CO2, throughout the transition to renewable and low‐carbon energy sources. A promising approach is the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which when powered with renewable electricity sources, provides a pathway for the conversion of intermittent renewable energy and waste CO2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels. However, as CO2RR is accompanied by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the presence of water, an opportunity is presented to generate a mixture of CO and H2, also known as synthesis gas or syngas – the building block of various oxy‐hydrocarbon products. The aim of this review is to analyze both Power‐to‐CO and Power‐to‐Syngas studies, in order to classify and discuss the active sites for both CO and H2 generation through a new lens, providing insights into the structure‐activity correlations and facilitating the design of more active syngas electrocatalysts in the future. Through an evaluation of the economic viability of syngas generation, we determine that the carbon capture cost is a key parameter, with improvements in catalyst activity, catalyst impurity tolerance, and electrolyzer technology necessary for significant improvement in the economics of electrocatalytic syngas generation.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cctc.202200981

Renewable Power for Electrocatalytic Generation of Syngas: Tuning the Syngas Ratio by Manipulating the Active Sites and System Design

Expensive and high-temperature methods like chemical vapour deposition and epitaxial growth are mainly investigated for turbostratic graphene preparation, whereas cost-effective production by a top-down approach from graphite is presented here. Interlayer catalytic exfoliation of randomly oriented Fe2O3 intercalated graphite sheets with H2O2 resulted in turbostratic graphene. The retained Fe species on the sheets are further removed by acid treatment. The formation of turbostratic graphene is evident from the Moire fringes in the transmission electron microscopic images and the multiplicity of spots in the selected area electron diffraction patterns. The development of cost-effective, durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is vital due to the high cost and poor methanol tolerance of commercial Pt/C. Here, non-doped turbostratic graphene layers have been effectively used for the ORR. Due to the excellent electronic properties of suspended graphene together with the robustness of few-layer graphene, the prepared turbostratic graphene shows promising ORR activity, satisfactory cyclic stability, a positive onset potential, and a reasonably good half-wave potential. The absence of metal in the catalyst results in superior methanol tolerance in comparison with Pt/C. The current density is higher than the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst and most of the reported graphene-based systems.

Novel cost-effective synthesis of non-doped turbostratic graphene from a graphite intercalation compound: development of a durable and stable electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Thermally stable cobalt amide cyanide as high-activity and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst toward O2 and CO2 reduction

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Thermally stable cobalt amide cyanide as high-activity and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst toward O2 and CO2 reduction