There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

In recent years, the development of nanoparticles has expanded into a broad range of clinical applications. Nanoparticles have been developed to overcome the limitations of free therapeutics and navigate biological barriers - systemic, microenvironmental and cellular - that are heterogeneous across patient populations and diseases. Overcoming this patient heterogeneity has also been accomplished through precision therapeutics, in which personalized interventions have enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, nanoparticle development continues to focus on optimizing delivery platforms with a one-size-fits-all solution. As lipid-based, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles are engineered in increasingly specified ways, they can begin to be optimized for drug delivery in a more personalized manner, entering the era of precision medicine. In this Review, we discuss advanced nanoparticle designs utilized in both non-personalized and precision applications that could be applied to improve precision therapies. We focus on advances in nanoparticle design that overcome heterogeneous barriers to delivery, arguing that intelligent nanoparticle design can improve efficacy in general delivery applications while enabling tailored designs for precision applications, thereby ultimately improving patient outcome overall.

/pdf/engineering-precision-nanoparticles-for-drug-delivery-2rxrncxb99.pdf

Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery

Electrolytes have been identified as some of the most influential components in the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs), which include: electrical double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors. This paper reviews recent progress in the research and development of ES electrolytes. The electrolytes are classified into several categories, including: aqueous, organic, ionic liquids, solid-state or quasi-solid-state, as well as redox-active electrolytes. Effects of electrolyte properties on ES performance are discussed in detail. The principles and methods of designing and optimizing electrolytes for ES performance and application are highlighted through a comprehensive analysis of the literature. Interaction among the electrolytes, electro-active materials and inactive components (current collectors, binders, and separators) is discussed. The challenges in producing high-performing electrolytes are analyzed. Several possible research directions to overcome these challenges are proposed for future efforts, with the main aim of improving ESs' energy density without sacrificing existing advantages (e.g., a high power density and a long cycle-life) (507 references).

A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors

Ongoing technological advances in diverse fields including portable electronics, transportation, and green energy are often hindered by the insufficient capability of energy-storage devices By taking advantage of two different electrode materials, asymmetric supercapacitors can extend their operating voltage window beyond the thermodynamic decomposition voltage of electrolytes while enabling a solution to the energy storage limitations of symmetric supercapacitors This review provides comprehensive knowledge to this field We first look at the essential energy-storage mechanisms and performance evaluation criteria for asymmetric supercapacitors to understand the wide-ranging research conducted in this area Then we move to the recent progress made for the design and fabrication of electrode materials and the overall structure of asymmetric supercapacitors in different categories We also highlight several key scientific challenges and present our perspectives on enhancing the electrochemical performance of future asymmetric supercapacitors

Design and Mechanisms of Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

A review on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts

Liquid-Phase Electrochemically Autooxidized Doping of PEDOT Enabling Fabry-Pérot Electrochromic Pixels.

Researchers in China have developed an improved way to make high-quality graphene films that could be used in flexible electronic devices. Hongzhi Wang, Yaogang Li and colleagues at Donghua University used a process that coats a gel of graphene oxide directly onto an electrically conducting surface such as copper. The graphene oxide is then converted into a high-quality ‘photoreduced’ graphene oxide film by exposure to light. The characteristics of the film can be finetuned by varying the ratio of graphene oxide to graphene regions. This allows improved performance in flexible electronics applications compared to graphene films made by existing methods. The fabrication process is fast, simple and low cost, making it ideal for scaling up to the industrial production levels needed for graphene to fulfil its commercial potential.

/pdf/fabrication-of-large-area-and-high-crystallinity-5cq67wh3tz.pdf

Fabrication of large-area and high-crystallinity photoreduced graphene oxide films via reconstructed two-dimensional multilayer structures

Effect of vanadium doping on fabrication and property of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics

In Situ Polarization Enables Dipole Alignment of α-Phase Polyamide 11 Nanoribbons for Breathable Triboelectric Textile.

A bio-adhesive ion-conducting organohydrogel as a high-performance non-invasive interface for bioelectronics

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