Surfactants And Interfacial Phenomena

Ionic conductors (ICs) find widespread applications across different fields, such as smart electronic, ionotronic, sensor, biomedical, and energy harvesting/storage devices, and largely determine the function and performance of these devices. In the pursuit of developing ICs required for better performing and sustainable devices, cellulose appears as an attractive and promising building block due to its high abundance, renewability, striking mechanical strength, and other functional features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary regarding ICs fabricated from cellulose and cellulose-derived materials in terms of fundamental structural features of cellulose, the materials design and fabrication techniques for engineering, main properties and characterization, and diverse applications. Next, the potential of cellulose-based ICs to relieve the increasing concern about electronic waste within the frame of circularity and environmental sustainability and the future directions to be explored for advancing this field are discussed. Overall, we hope this review can provide a comprehensive summary and unique perspectives on the design and application of advanced cellulose-based ICs and thereby encourage the utilization of cellulosic materials toward sustainable devices.

Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductor: An Emerging Material toward Sustainable Devices.

Millifluidics, microfluidics, and nanofluidics: manipulating fluids at varying length scales

Pickering emulsion is a type of emulsion that uses solid particles or colloidal particles as emulsifiers instead of surfactants to anchor at the oil-water interface. Its unique properties, such as high stability, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, and low cost, make it ideal for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic applications. Unlike conventional emulsions in which amphiphilic surfactants are reversibly adsorbed at the interface, Pickering emulsions rely on the irreversible anchoring of particles at the liquid interface to produce electrostatic repulsion and spatial positional resistance for high stability. Particle properties play an important role in the stability, performance, and characterization of Pickering emulsions. This study provides an overview of several aspects of particles in Pickering emulsions. The critical evolution of the Pickering emulsion particles was analyzed in the last two decades by Citespace to identify the critical positions of particles in the emulsion. We then discuss how the properties of particles influence the stability of Pickering emulsions. The stabilization mechanism of Pickering emulsions and the difficulties of interfacial particle detection techniques are also discussed. This study provides a comprehensive overview and guide to particle-based Pickering emulsion performance optimization and interfacial detection technologies. 

Evolution and critical roles of particle properties in Pickering emulsion: A review

In recent years, biopolymer-based colloidal particles have been utilized to fabricate Pickering emulsions, which have attracted widespread attention due to their higher stability and unique functionalities. The incorporation of biopolymer-based particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions in the development of packaging films is an effective procedure that enhances performance and bioactive activities, with multiple applications in the field of food preservation. This paper reviews the stabilization mechanism of Pickering emulsion and the available biopolymer-based Pickering particles that can be used for developing packaging films. Additionally, the effects of incorporating biopolymer-based Pickering emulsions on the microstructure, physical properties, optical properties, barrier properties, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of packaging films are emphatically summarized. In addition, the potential applications of Pickering emulsion-added films in preserving fruits and vegetables, extending meat and baking products shelf-life, and detecting seafood freshness were discussed. Based on these findings, future perspectives include: (1) investigating the efficacy of Pickering emulsion in packaging films to control the release of bioactive ingredients, (2) developing Pickering emulsions loaded with natural bioactive ingredients to expand the types of existing Pickering emulsion packaging films, and (3) fabricating colorimetric films based on Pickering emulsions and exploring the underlying film-forming mechanism. This review will provide references for promoting the application of Pickering emulsions in food packaging. 

Pickering emulsions stabilized by biopolymer-based nanoparticles or hybrid particles for the development of food packaging films: A review

Pickering emulsions stabilized by colloidal surfactants: Role of solid particles

Hierarchical emulsions are interesting for both scientific researches and practical applications. Hierarchical emulsions prepared by microfluidics require complicated device geometry and delicate control of flow rates. Here, a versatile method is developed to design hierarchical emulsions using microfluidic 3D droplet printing in droplet. The process of droplet printing in droplet mimics the dragonfly laying eggs and has advantages of easy processing and flexible design. To demonstrate the capability of the method, double emulsions and triple emulsions with tunable core number, core size, and core composition are prepared. The hierarchical emulsions are excellent templates for the developments of functional materials. Flattened crescent-moon-shaped particles are then fabricated using double emulsions printed in confined 2D space as templates. The particles are excellent delivery vehicles for 2D interfaces, which can load and transport cargos through a well-defined trajectory under external magnetic steering. Microfluidic 3D droplet printing in droplet provides a powerful platform with improved simplicity and flexibility for the design of hierarchical emulsions and functional materials.

Emulsion Designer Using Microfluidic Three-Dimensional Droplet Printing in Droplet

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Pickering emulsions stabilized by colloidal surfactants: Role of solid particles

Millifluidics, microfluidics, and nanofluidics: manipulating fluids at varying length scales

Emulsion Designer Using Microfluidic Three-Dimensional Droplet Printing in Droplet