Applications of sodium alginate (Alg) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogels in biomedicine are well-known. These are predefined by the strength and weakness of their properties, which in turn depend on the chemical structure and the architecture of their crosslinks. In this work, Alg biopolymer has been grafted to synthetic PAA that has been chemically crosslinked using N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA) to produce a pH responsive hydrogel with adhesive property. The double crosslinking network, which combines MBA-mediated covalent crosslinks and ionic crosslinks in Alg domains, results in an elastic modulus that resembles that of highly anisotropic and viscoelastic human skin. After addressing the influence of the dual network onto the Alg-g-PAA hydrogel properties, a prospection of its potential as an adhesive has been made considering different surfaces (rubber, paper steel, porcine skin, etc). The bonding energy onto porcine skin, 32.6 ± 4.6 J/m2, revealed that the Alg-g-PAA hydrogel can be proposed in the biomedical field as tissue adhesive for wound healing applications. Finally, the hydrogel has been semi-interpenetrated with poly(hydroxymethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-MeOH) chains through a chemical oxidative polymerization process. The resulting hydrogel, Alg-g-PAA/PEDOT-MeOH, which is even more porous than Alg-g-PAA, in addition to being electro-responsive, maintains adhesive properties. 

pH and electrically responsive hydrogels with adhesive property

By using lateral extensional modes of piezoelectric plate transducers for the actuation of a microfluidic chip containing a structured microchannel, we achieved 2-D single-node acoustofluidic particle trapping inside a circular cavity as well as 2-D multinode trapping in straight channels. In order to manipulate the particles in two lateral dimensions, we used two separate PZT transducers attached to the bottom of the microfluidic chip, where each is responsible for generating a standing acoustic wave in a specific direction inside the microfluidic structures of the chip. We demonstrate the trapping of polymer microspheres and trapping of human embryonic kidney cells with a performance that can compete with current bulk acoustic methods that typically employ transducer thickness modes. The acoustic energy density of the involved acoustic fields reaches several hundred (430) joules per cubic meter, leading to trapping times of tenths of a second (150 ms) and nanonewton trapping forces (0.42–1.7 nN). The relatively low, submegahertz resonance frequency of the utilized lateral transducer mode in the cavity trapping results in a large, millimeter long wavelength of the acoustic wave inside the fluid, which enables the collection of comparably large volumina of multiple tens of nanoliter containing several thousands of particles or cells. Consequently, with the large volumes involved, it appears feasible to trap bigger objects, such as multicellular organisms or organoids with approximately 1 mm in size.

Acoustofluidic Particle Trapping in a Structured Microchannel Using Lateral Transducer Modes

The corneal epithelium, located as the outermost layer of the cornea, is inherently susceptible to injuries that may lead to corneal opacities and compromise visual acuity. Rapid restoration of corneal epithelial injury is crucial for maintaining the transparency and integrity of the cornea. Cell spray treatment emerges as an innovative and effective approach in the field of regenerative medicine. In our study, a cell spray printing platform was established, and the optimal printing parameters were determined to be a printing air pressure of 5 PSI (34.47 kPa) and a liquid flow rate of 30 ml/hour. Under these conditions, the viability and phenotype of spray-printed corneal epithelial cells were preserved. Moreover, Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LBGP), a glycoprotein purified from wolfberry, enhanced proliferation while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis of the spray-printed corneal epithelial cells. We found that the combination of cell spray printing and LBGP facilitated the rapid construction of multilayered cell sheets on flat and curved collagen membranes in vitro. Furthermore, the combined cell spray printing and LBGP accelerated the recovery of the rat corneal epithelium in the mechanical injury model. Our findings offer a therapeutic avenue for addressing corneal epithelial injuries and regeneration. 

Cell Spray Printing Combined with Lycium Barbarum Glycopeptide Promotes Repair of Corneal Epithelial Injury.

Acoustophoretic particle motion in a spherical microchamber

Since its inception in the early nineteenth century, infrared imaging technology has evolved over two centuries into a comprehensive technical system. Owing to its non-contact and high-sensitivity characteristics, it has become a forefront research focus in multidisciplinary domains. With growing demand in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and military defense, infrared gas detection technology has developed rapidly, leveraging its unique advantages. This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in this field. It begins with a comparative analysis of the physical principles and application scopes of active and passive gas imaging methods. The discussion then turns to the technical features of multi-component detection systems and ultra-sensitive trace detection techniques, particularly emphasizing how algorithm design mediates the trade-off between detection accuracy and engineering cost. In addition, the evolution of detection algorithms is examined, highlighting the limitations of traditional physics-based approaches in complex scenarios and illustrating how data-driven deep learning methods overcome these constraints through the automatic extraction of multidimensional features. Finally, the paper summarizes the key technical challenges currently facing the field, including the trade-off between detection accuracy and real-time performance, difficulties in enhancing gas-specific spectral bands, and the scarcity of high-quality datasets, thereby providing theoretical insights for the future development of infrared gas detection technology. 

Application and development of infrared technology in gas detection

Skin wounds, especially large-area skin trauma, would bring great pain and even fatal risk to patients. In recent years, local autologous cell transplantation has shown great potential for wound healing and re-epithelialization. However, when the cell suspension prepared with normal saline is delivered to the wound, due to its low viscosity, it is easy to form big drops in the deposition and lose them from the wound bed, resulting in cell loss and uneven coverage. Here, we developed a novel air-assisted atomization device (AAAD). Under proper atomization parameters, 1% (w/v) sodium alginate (SA) solution carrier could be sprayed uniformly. Compared with normal saline, the run-off of the SA on the surface of porcine skin was greatly reduced. In theory, the spray height of AAAD could be set to achieve the adjustment of a large spray area of 1–12 cm2. In the measurement of droplet velocity and HaCaT cell viability, the spray height of AAAD would affect the droplet settling velocity and then the cell delivery survival rate (CSR). Compared with the spray height of 50 mm, the CSR of 100 mm was significantly higher and could reach 91.09% ± 1.82% (92.82% ± 2.15% in control). For bio-ink prepared with 1% (w/v) SA, the viability remained the same during the 72-h incubation. Overall, the novel AAAD uniformly atomized bio-ink with high viscosity and maintained the viability and proliferation rate during the delivery of living cells. Therefore, AAAD has great potential in cell transplantation therapy, especially for large-area or irregular skin wounds.

Development of air-assisted atomization device for the delivery of cells in viscous biological ink prepared with sodium alginate

We report a simple and compact microchip capable of stable 3D trapping of single and multiple microparticles in the flowing liquid. The chip is constructed by attaching a piezoelectric plate transducer to a silicon-glass bonding plate with circular cavity. The cavity works as a resonant unit, excited at frequency of both half wave resonance in main plane and inverted quarter wave resonance in depth direction. The chip can provide nN level trapping force and ms level trapping time for micron sized particles moving at velocity of mm/s level. The time consumption of 3 µm polystyrene particles trapping under 15Vpp driving amplitude is 103 ms. Red blood cells cluster can be trapped at flow rate of 32 μL/min which corresponds to flow velocity of 60 mm/s. This circular cavity resonance based acoustic trap is simple, low cost, biocompatible, and with its high throughput trapping ability, which may be of interest for applications such as Reman analysis and seed particle-enabled nanoparticles enrichment. 

Acoustic 3D trapping of microparticles in flowing liquid using circular cavity

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a form of extracellular vesicles, are lipid bilayered structures released by all cells. Large-scale studies on sEVs from clinical samples are necessary, but a major obstacle...

Small extracellular vesicles enrichment from biological fluids using an acoustic trap

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Development of air-assisted atomization device for the delivery of cells in viscous biological ink prepared with sodium alginate

Acoustic 3D trapping of microparticles in flowing liquid using circular cavity

Small extracellular vesicles enrichment from biological fluids using an acoustic trap