Hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin interference on co-oximetry based hemoglobin measurements.

Laboratory interferences with the newer cyanide antidote: hydroxocobalamin

Therapeutic concentrations of hydroxocobalamin interferes with several spectrophotometric assays on the Beckman Coulter DxC and AU680 chemistry analyzers.

In recent years, marine biotoxins have posed a great threat to fishermen, human security and military prevention and control due to their diverse, complex, toxic and widespread nature, and the development of rapid and sensitive methods is essential. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising technique for the rapid and sensitive in situ detection of marine biotoxins due to its advantages of rapid, high sensitivity, and fingerprinting information. However, the complex structure of toxin molecules, small Raman scattering cross-section and low affinity to conventional substrates make it difficult to achieve direct and sensitive SERS detection. Here, we generate a large number of active hotspot structures by constructing monolayer nanoparticle films with high density hotspots, which have good target molecules that can actively access the hotspot structures using nanocapillaries. In addition, the efficient and stable signal can be achieved during dynamic detection, increasing the practicality and operability of the method. This versatile SERS method achieves highly sensitive detection of marine biotoxins GTX and NOD, providing good prospects for convenient, rapid and sensitive SERS detection of marine biotoxins.

Solvent-driven biotoxin into nano-units as a versatile and sensitive SERS strategy

Interfacial self-assembly with the advantage of providing large-area, high-density plasmonic hot spots is conducive to achieving high sensitivity and stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. However, rapid and simple assembly of highly repeatable large-scale multilayers with small nanoparticles remains a challenge. Here, we proposed a catassembly approach, where the "catassembly" means the increase in the rate and control of nanoparticle assembly dynamics. The catassembly approach was dropping heated Au sols onto oil chloroform (CHCl3), which triggers a rapid assembly of plasmonic multilayers within 15 s at the oil-water-air (O/W/A) interface. A mixture of heated sol and CHCl3 constructs a continuous liquid-air interfacial tension gradient; thus, the plasmonic multilayer film can form rapidly without adding functional ligands. Also, the dynamic assembly process of the three-phase catassembly ranging from cluster to interfacial film formation was observed through experimental characterization and COMSOL simulation. Importantly, the plasmonic multilayers of 10 nm Au NPs for SERS sensing demonstrated high sensitivity with the 1 nM level for crystal violet molecules and excellent stability with an RSD of about 10.0%, which is comparable to the detection level of 50 nm Au NPs with layer-by-layer assembly, as well as breaking the traditional and intrinsic understanding of small particles of plasmon properties. These plasmonic multilayers of 10 nm Au NPs through the three-phase catassembly method illustrate high SERS sensitivity and stability, paving the way for small-nanoparticle SERS sensing applications. 

Three-Phase Catassembly of 10 nm Au Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Stable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection.

To improve the sensitivity of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by constructing smaller hot spots and making the target molecules more accessible, a liquid–liquid interface assembly method is used to construct a three‐layer Ag nanoparticle film structure, wherein the nanoparticles between the adjacent upper and lower layers form natural smaller gaps of 1–3 nm. The target solution is pumped into these gaps using the principle of natural transpiration (the nanopump effect). The resulting hot spot density and efficiency are significantly higher than that of the normal dry‐state method. In addition, the detection limit reaches 1 amol, which is a reduction of 2–3 orders of magnitude compared to the dry‐state method. It is also demonstrated that this dynamic detection process is suitable for detecting the substance changes occurring during sperm–oocyte binding. This method therefore provides a new means for target molecules to actively enter naturally interbedded smaller gaps and provides essentially unlimited possibilities for SERS detection.

Natural <3 nm Interbedded Gaps to Trap Target Molecules and Provide an Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Method

Introduction. Cyanide-poisoned patients often require pulse oximetry and co-oximetry to measure oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin. These and other critical laboratory measurements can be confounded by the cyanide antidote hydroxocobalamin. The postulated mechanism of this confounding is direct optical interference. Methods. The spectra of swine hemoglobin with and without hydroxocobalamin were measured from 450–800 nm. The resulting complex spectrum was divided into hemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, and a remainder spectrum. Results. The remainder spectrum appears to be a methemoglobin variant quantitatively dependant on the amount of hydroxocobalamin added to the hemoglobin solution and the presence of oxygen. The Pearson's correlation coefficient comparing the known swine methemoglobin spectrum with the remainder spectrum reveals a very high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.986). Conclusion. This is the first study to document methemoglobin formation caused by hydroxocobalami...

Spectrophotometry of hydroxocobalamin and hemoglobin reveals production of an unanticipated methemoglobin variant

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Natural <3 nm Interbedded Gaps to Trap Target Molecules and Provide an Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Method

Spectrophotometry of hydroxocobalamin and hemoglobin reveals production of an unanticipated methemoglobin variant