Nano-ROS-generating approaches to cancer dynamic therapy: Lessons from Nanoparticles

With global warming, crop plants are challenged by heat stress during reproductive growth, leading to male sterility and yield reduction. The balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and scavenging is disrupted by stress, resulting in oxidative stress, which is harmful to crop growth. However, recent advances have shown that ROS signaling via proteins that sense the redox state is positive for plant performance under stress. ROS signaling is also involved in regulating anther development, such as timely tapetum degeneration. We summarize recent progress in uncovering the mechanism of heat stress effects on ROS homeostasis and discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and metabolic disorder, which is often observed during anther development under heat stress. We propose experimental and breeding strategies to improve field crop tolerance to heat stress. 

ROS signaling and its involvement in abiotic stress with emphasis on heat stress-driven anther sterility in plants

Camptothecin (CPT) is a cytotoxic alkaloid that attenuates the replication cancer cells via blocking DNA topoisomerase 1. Despite its encouraging and wide spectrum antitumour activity, its application is significantly restricted...

Camptothecin-based Prodrug Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the basis of heterosis exploitation. CMS has been used to hybrid production in cotton, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. CMS is associated with advanced or delayed tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may mediate this process. In this study, we obtained Jin A and Yamian A, two CMS lines with different cytoplasmic sources.Compared with maintainer Jin B, Jin A anthers showed advanced tapetal PCD with DNA fragmentation, producing excessive ROS which accumulated around the cell membrane, intercellular space and mitochondrial membrane. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes which can scavenge ROS were significantly decreased. However, Yamian A tapetal PCD was delayed with lower ROS content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and POD were higher than its maintainer. These differences in ROS scavenging enzyme activities may be caused by isoenzyme gene expressions. In addition, we found the excess ROS generated in Jin A mitochondria and ROS overflow from complex III might be the source in parallel with the reduction of ATP content.ROS accumulation or abrogation were mainly caused by the joint action of ROS generation and scavenging enzyme activities transformation, which led to the abnormal progression of tapetal PCD, affected the development of microspores, and eventually contributed to male sterility. In Jin A, tapetal PCD in advance might be caused by mitochondrial ROS overproduction, accompanied by energy deficiency. The above studies will provide new insights into the cotton CMS and guide the follow-up research ideas. 

/pdf/ros-accumulation-induced-tapetal-pcd-timing-changes-leads-to-uq3uneai.pdf

ROS accumulation-induced tapetal PCD timing changes leads to microspore abortion in cotton CMS lines

Heat stress (HS) has become one of the major abiotic stresses that severely constrain rice growth. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant development and stress response. However, the effect of different concentrations of exogenous ABA on HS tolerance in rice still needs to be further elucidated. Here, we found that high concentrations of exogenous ABA increased HS damage in seedlings, whereas 10−12 M ABA treatment increased fresh and dry weight under HS relative to mock seedlings. Our further data showed that, in response to HS, 10−5 M, ABA-treated seedlings exhibited a lower chlorophyll content, as well as transcript levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis and antioxidant genes, and increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the transcript abundance of some heat-, defense-, and ABA-related genes was downregulated on 10−5 M ABA-treated seedlings under HS. In conclusion, high concentrations of exogenous ABA reduced the HS tolerance of rice seedlings, and this negative effect could be achieved by regulating the accumulation of ROS, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and the transcription levels of key genes in seedlings under HS.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/7/1404/pdf?version=1688895107

Exogenous Abscisic Acid Affects the Heat Tolerance of Rice Seedlings by Influencing the Accumulation of ROS

High temperatures (HT) cause pollen abortion and poor floret fertility in rice, which is closely associated with excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the developing anthers. However, the relationships between accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and ROS, and their effects on tapetum-specific programmed cell death (PCD) in HT-stressed anthers are poorly characterized. Here, we determined the spatiotemporal changes in ABA and ROS levels, and their relationships with tapetal PCD under HT exposure. Mutants lacking ABA-activated protein kinase 2 (SAPK2) functions and exogenous ABA treatments were used to explore the effects of ABA signaling on the induction of PCD and ROS accumulation during pollen development. HT-induced pollen abortion was tightly associated with ABA accumulation and oxidative stress. The higher ABA level in HT-stressed anthers resulted in the earlier initiation of PCD induction and subsequently abnormal tapetum degeneration by activating ROS accumulation in developing anthers. Interactions between SAPK2 and DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase elF4A-1 (RH4) were required for ABA-induced ROS generation in developing anthers. The OsSAPK2 knockout mutants showed the impaired PCD responses in the absence of HT. However, the deficiency of SAPK2 functions did not suppress the ABA-mediated ROS generation in HT-stressed anthers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ABA-triggered ROS Burst in Rice Developing Anthers is Critical for Tapetal Programmed Cell Death Induction and Heat Stress-Induced Pollen Abortion.

OsPDIL1-1 controls ROS generation by modulating NADPH oxidase in developing anthers to alter the susceptibility of floret fertility to heat for rice

BMAL1 regulates MUC1 overexpression in ovalbumin-induced asthma.

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ABA-triggered ROS Burst in Rice Developing Anthers is Critical for Tapetal Programmed Cell Death Induction and Heat Stress-Induced Pollen Abortion.

OsPDIL1-1 controls ROS generation by modulating NADPH oxidase in developing anthers to alter the susceptibility of floret fertility to heat for rice

BMAL1 regulates MUC1 overexpression in ovalbumin-induced asthma.