A comprehensive review on pyrolysis of E-waste and its sustainability

Current status of the technology for utilizing difficult-to-treat dust and sludge produced from the steel industry

A new family of six mononuclear indium(III) complexes of formula mer-[InIIICl3(pz*H)3]-pz*H = pyrazole (pzH), or substituted pyrazoles: 4-Cl-pzH, 4-Br-pzH, 4-I-pzH, 4-Ph-pzH and 3,5-Me2-pzH-were synthesized by addition reactions of InCl3 and pz*H and crystallographically characterized. The fluxional behaviour of the complexes, probed by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy in the 328 K to 173 K range, was attributed to (at least) four simultaneous processes: pyrazole N-H proton dissociation/association, cis/trans-pyrazole exchange, and N1/N2 tautomerization of the cis- and of the trans-pyrazoles. Three novel trianionic hexanuclear complexes of general formula (pipH)3[In6Cl6(μ3-OH0.5)2(μ-OH)6(μ-pz*)6]-pz* = pz, 4-Cl-pz and 4-Ph-pz-showing μ-hydroxo and μ-oxo bridges were synthesized from the corresponding mer-[InIIICl3(pz*H)3] and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR. Under different solvent conditions, multicolour emitting polymeric complexes of general formula [In(μ-pz*)3]n-pz* = pz, 4-Cl-pz, 4-I-pz and 4-Ph-pz-were obtained also from mer-[InIIICl3(pz*H)3] after addition of a base. Luminescence and lifetime calculations were performed for all polymers formed.

Mononuclear, hexanuclear and polymeric indium(III) pyrazolido complexes; structural characterization, dynamic solution studies and luminescent properties.

Gallium (Ga), indium (In), and germanium (Ge) play an important role in the modern high-tech material field. Due to their low content and scattered distribution in the crust, and the increasing demand for these metals in recent years, their supply risks have sharply increased. Therefore, the recycling of these metals is of great significance. In this work, a systematic review was performed using the Web of Science, Scopus, MDPI, Elsevier, and Springer Link databases. The combined terms used for the search were Ga/In/Ge, extraction, separation, and recycling. After a careful evaluation of the titles, abstracts, and full texts, a total of 106 articles were included. This paper briefly describes the resource features of Ga, In, and Ge. After that, the chemical principles, technical parameters, and metal recovery in various extraction and separation methods from monometallic and polymetallic resources are systematically reviewed. Leaching followed by solvent extraction or ion exchange is the main process for Ga, In, and Ge recovery. Although many attempts have been made to separate multiple metals from leaching solutions, highly selective solvents and resins are still the research priority. This review can provide theoretical and technical guidance for the separation of Ga, In, and Ge from various resources. 

The Extraction and Separation of Scarce Critical Metals: A Review of Gallium, Indium and Germanium Extraction and Separation from Solid Wastes

Clusters are essential to study the properties of nanomaterials, as they yield interesting molecular and bulk properties with a wide range of applications in nanomaterials. Herein, the ground‐state structure, average binding energy (Eb), fragmentation energy (ΔE), second‐order energy difference (Δ2E), highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gap, vertical ionization potential (VIP), vertical electron affinity (VEA), and charge transfer of InnSnn (n = 2–12) clusters are evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). The results show that Sn atoms accumulate and are encapsulated by peripheral In atoms. The Eb of InnSnn clusters is stabilized up to n = 7. The ΔE, Δ2E, HOMO–LUMO gap, VIP, and VEA exhibit pronounced odd–even oscillations, and the changing trends are consistent, indicating that the odd InnSnn clusters are stable. Furthermore, the charge is transferred from the In atoms to the Sn atoms. The charge transfer is observed between the 5s and 5p states of In and Sn atoms, resulting in sp hybridization. The density of states analysis reveals that InnSnn clusters tend to transition from insulators to metals. The magnetic moments of the In and Sn atoms in the odd InnSnn clusters mainly originate from the 5p states.

Investigation of Structures, Stability, and Electronic and Magnetic Properties of InnSnn Clusters Using Density‐Functional Theory

Full components recovery of organic matter and indium from discarded liquid crystal display panels

/pdf/correction-to-changes-in-the-characteristics-of-soil-eulcu4d6.pdf

Correction to: Changes in the characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter over time since inter-planting with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in apple orchards on the Loess Plateau in China

Changes in the characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter over time since inter-planting with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in apple orchards on the Loess Plateau in China

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Full components recovery of organic matter and indium from discarded liquid crystal display panels

Correction to: Changes in the characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter over time since inter-planting with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in apple orchards on the Loess Plateau in China

Changes in the characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter over time since inter-planting with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in apple orchards on the Loess Plateau in China