Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater using microalgae: A review.

Use of microalgae based technology for the removal of antibiotics from wastewater: A review

The rapid expansion of both the global economy and the human population has led to a shortage of water resources suitable for direct human consumption. As a result, water remediation will inexorably become the primary focus on a global scale. Microalgae can be grown in various types of wastewaters (WW). They have a high potential to remove contaminants from the effluents of industries and urban areas. This review focuses on recent advances on WW remediation through microalgae cultivation. Attention has already been paid to microalgae-based wastewater treatment (WWT) due to its low energy requirements, the strong ability of microalgae to thrive under diverse environmental conditions, and the potential to transform WW nutrients into high-value compounds. It turned out that microalgae-based WWT is an economical and sustainable solution. Moreover, different types of toxins are removed by microalgae through biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation processes. Examples are toxins from agricultural runoffs and textile and pharmaceutical industrial effluents. Microalgae have the potential to mitigate carbon dioxide and make use of the micronutrients that are present in the effluents. This review paper highlights the application of microalgae in WW remediation and the remediation of diverse types of pollutants commonly present in WW through different mechanisms, simultaneous resource recovery, and efficient microalgae-based co-culturing systems along with bottlenecks and prospects. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2022.100205

Microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, challenges, recent advances, and future prospects

A wide range of unregulated chemicals of synthetic origin or derived from natural sources, which may be a contender for future regulations are called Emerging Contaminants (ECs). The concentration of ECs ranges from ng/L to μg/L, which is comparatively smaller as compared to other pollutants present in water and wastewater. Even though the environmental concentration is low, ECs still possess a great threat to the humans and ecosystem. These compounds are being widely studied due to their potential health effects, pervasive nature, and difficult degradation through conventional techniques. Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) or pharmaceutical contaminants (PCs) are one of the major groups of ECs which can cause inimical effect on living organisms even at very lower concentration. These contaminants don't degrade easily and persistent for longer periods in the environment due to their stable structure. With the increase in demand of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs), there has been a sharp increase of these pollutants in water bodies. This is mainly due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment plants in treatment and removal of these PhACs. The proper identification of pharmaceutical groups and development of removal techniques is crucial in the recent times. This review represents a comprehensive summary on PCs, various groups of PCs and an overview of approaches and treatment systems available for their removal. Efficient and effective treatment methods can be useful for completely eradicating these compounds and making the water bodies safe for use. So, the investment of capital and time on research on PCs and their removal techniques can be beneficial for the future. 

Pharmaceutical wastewater as Emerging Contaminants (EC): Treatment technologies, impact on environment and human health

Different interaction performance between microplastics and microalgae: The bio-elimination potential of Chlorella sp. L38 and Phaeodactylum tricornutum MASCC-0025.

Biodegradability and mechanism of florfenicol via Chlorella sp. UTEX1602 and L38: Experimental study.

Biodegradation and metabolic fate of thiamphenicol via Chlorella sp. UTEX1602 and L38

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Biodegradability and mechanism of florfenicol via Chlorella sp. UTEX1602 and L38: Experimental study.

Biodegradation and metabolic fate of thiamphenicol via Chlorella sp. UTEX1602 and L38