Studying the concentration and temperature dependence of the conductivity of electrolyte solution is of great significance for the evaluation and improvement of the performance of the electrochemical system. In this paper, based on the influence of the number of free ions and ion mobility on the conductivity, a semiempirical conductivity model with five parameters was proposed to correlate the conductivity, concentration and temperature data of electrolyte solutions at medium and high concentrations. The conductivities of NaCl and CaCl2 in propylene carbonate-H2O binary solvents were measured at temperatures varying from 283.15 to 333.15 K. The validity of the model was verified by the experimental data of this paper and the conductivity, concentration, and temperature data of 28 electrolyte solution systems in the literature. The electrolyte solutions investigated in this paper included binary organic solvent systems, pure organic solvent systems, and aqueous solution systems. The results showed that the proposed model can fit the experimental data well for both pure solvent and mixed solvents systems, which is of great value to practical engineering applications.

Experimental and Modeling of Conductivity for Electrolyte Solution Systems.

Perovskite Materials for Sensing Applications: Recent Advances and Challenges

Low-grade thermal energy can be converted to electricity by integrating multi-effect distillation and reverse electrodialysis technologies. The energy conversion efficiency of such a system is stro...

Electrical Conductivity of Lithium Chloride, LithiumBromide, and Lithium Iodide Electrolytes in Methanol, Water, and TheirBinary Mixtures

Foodborne illnesses caused by the ingestion of contaminated foods or beverages are a serious concern due to the millions of reported cases per year. It is essential to develop sensitive and rapid detection methods of foodborne pathogens to ensure food safety for producers and consumers. Unfortunately, current detection techniques still suffer from time-consuming operations and the need for highly skilled personnel. Here, we introduce a highly sensitive dual colorimetric/electrochemical detection approach for Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) based on a laser-induced graphene-integrated lateral flow immunoassay (LIG–LFIA) strip. The LIG electrode was fabricated by laser engraving on a polyimide tape containing a pseudo silver/silver chloride reference electrode from silver sintering and chlorination. Using double-sided tape inserted into the strip, automatic sequential reagent delivery was enabled for the dual-mode signal readout by single-sample loading. A gold-deposited gold nanoparticle strategy was first employed to simultaneously obtain a colorimetric signal for early screening and a signal turn-on electrochemical response for high-sensitivity and -quantitative analysis. A superior performance of the strip was established, characterized by a short analysis time (12 min assay +15 min sample preparation), a broad working concentration range (1 cfu/10 mL to 108 cfu/mL), and the lowest limit of detection (1 ± 0.5 cfu/10 mL; mean ± standard deviation, n = 3) among reported multimode S. typhimurium detection schemes. The strip was successfully applied in the analysis of various food products without any bacterial enrichment or amplification required, and the results were comparable to those of the standard culture method. 

Dual Colorimetric/Electrochemical Detection of Salmonella typhimurium Using a Laser-Induced Graphene Integrated Lateral Flow Immunoassay Strip.

For separation of the azeotrope isobutyl acetate and isobutyl alcohol, imidazolium-based ionic liquids 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Hmim][PF6] and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Omim][PF6] were applied as the extractants in the extraction process. The liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary systems isobutyl acetate + isobutyl alcohol + ([Hmim][PF6]/[Omim][PF6]) were determined at temperature of 298.15 and 308.15 K. To evaluate extraction performance of the ILs, the selectivity and distribution coefficient were calculated from the experimental data. The effect of the alkyl chain length of the cations and the temperature on the LLE for the systems were explored. In addition, the experimental LLE data were correlated by the NRTL model, and the binary interaction parameters of the NRTL model were optimized.

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Isobutyl Acetate+ Isobutyl Alcohol + Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids at 298.15 and308.15 K

In this paper, the electrical conductivities of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([BMIM][TFSI]) in mixed organic solvents of propylene carbonate (PC) + γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and ethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were measured. The effects of mixed organic solvents with different ratios (1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 0:1) on the electrical conductivity of ionic liquid were investigated. The organic solvents EC and DMC have a synergistic effect for the electrical conductivity of [BMIM][TFSI]–EC/DMC, and the optimal ratio of EC to DMC is 1:1; however, the organic solvents have no synergistic effect in [BMIM][TFSI]–PC/GBL. The concentration dependence of the electrical conductivity of the solution can be well fitted by the empirical Casteel–Amis equation. The effects of temperature on electrical conductivity can be described by the Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher (VTF) equation and the Arrhenius equation. The IL concentration dependence of the activation energy Ea and t...

Measurement and Correlation of the Electrical Conductivity of the Ionic Liquid [BMIM][TFSI] in Binary Organic Solvents

Rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of Salmonella typhimurium using a single-step dual photometric/fluorometric assay

Vapor–liquid equilibrium in the ternary system isobutyl alcohol + isobutyl acetate + N, N-dimethyl acetamide and the binary systems isobutyl alcohol + N, N-dimethyl acetamide, isobutyl acetate + N, N-dimethyl acetamide at 101.3 kPa

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00604-022-05369-4.pdf

Publisher Correction: Rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of Salmonella typhimurium using a single-step dual photometric/fluorometric assay

Green and Simple Synthesis of Nh2-Functionalized Cspbbr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Detection of Iodide Ion

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