Strategies to engineer tendon/ligament-to-bone interface: Biomaterials, cells and growth factors

Recently, cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) attracts increasing attention in cartilage defect repair. In this work, kartogenin (KGN), an emerging chondroinductive nonprotein small molecule, was incorporated into a thermogel of poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA–PEG–PLGA) to fabricate an appropriate microenvironment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for effective cartilage regeneration. More integrative and smoother repaired articular surface, more abundant characteristic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen II (COL II), and less degeneration of normal cartilage were obtained in the KGN and BMSCs coloaded thermogel group in vivo. In conclusion, the KGN-loaded PLGA–PEG–PLGA thermogel can be utilized as an alternative support for BMSCs to regenerate damaged cartilage in vivo.

Kartogenin-Incorporated Thermogel Supports Stem Cells for Significant Cartilage Regeneration.

Current tissue regenerative strategies rely mainly on tissue repair by transplantation of the synthetic/natural implants. However, limitations of the existing strategies have increased the demand for tissue engineering approaches. Appropriate cell source, effective cell modification, and proper supportive matrices are three bases of tissue engineering. Selection of appropriate methods for cell stimulation, scaffold synthesis, and tissue transplantation play a definitive role in successful tissue engineering. Although the variety of the players are available, but proper combination and functional synergism determine the practical efficacy. Hence, in this review, a comprehensive view of tissue engineering and its different aspects are investigated.

Tissue engineering; strategies, tissues, and biomaterials.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can maintain self-renewal and enhanced multidifferentiation potential through the release of a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, allowing them to repair damaged organs and tissues. Consequently, considerable attention has increasingly been paid to their application in tissue engineering and organ regeneration. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of ADSC preparation, including harvesting, isolation, and identification. The advances in preclinical and clinical evidence-based ADSC therapy for bone, cartilage, myocardium, liver, and nervous system regeneration as well as skin wound healing are also summarized. Notably, the perspectives, potential challenges, and future directions for ADSC-related researches are discussed. We hope that this review can provide comprehensive and standardized guidelines for the safe and effective application of ADSCs to achieve predictable and desired therapeutic effects.

/pdf/adipose-derived-stem-cells-current-applications-and-future-1y6vaszwb5.pdf

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions in the Regeneration of Multiple Tissues.

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects a large number of the population, and its incidence is showing a growing trend with the increasing life span. OA is the most prevalent joint condition worldwide, and currently, there is no functional cure for it. This review seeks to briefly overview the management of knee OA concerning standardized pharmaceutical and clinical approaches, as well as the new biotechnological horizons of OA treatment. The potential of biomaterials and state of the art of advanced therapeutic approaches, such as cell and gene therapy focused primarily on cartilage regeneration are the main subjects of this review. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Management of knee osteoarthritis. Current status and future trends

Articular cartilage has restricted self-regenerative capacity; therefore, treatment of cartilage lesions is a great challenge in the field of orthopedics. In the present study, we evaluate the enhancing effect of a transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-immobilized scaffold, fabricated by incorporating TGF-β1-loaded gelatin microspheres into PLGA framework, on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into chondrocytes. Significant increase in cell proliferation was observed in the TGF-β1-immobilized PLGA-gelatin scaffold, as compared with the ASC-seeded non-TGF-β1-immobilized PLGA-gelatin scaffold. When chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs was evaluated for both constructs, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content was significantly higher in the TGF-β1-immobilized scaffold. This study showed that ASCs containing the TGF-β1-immobilized scaffold better promoted cartilage regeneration in defective articular cartilage, which is assessed by histological observation. Based on the above results, we conclude that TGF-β1-immobilized PLGA-gelatin scaffold seeded with ASCs considerably enhances the quality of the tissue-engineered cartilage, therefore, advancing the field of cartilage tissue engineering.

Cartilage Regeneration of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in the TGF-β1-Immobilized PLGA-Gelatin Scaffold.

/pdf/high-efficacy-of-azacitidine-plus-hag-in-acute-myeloid-16ojholz.pdf

High efficacy of Azacitidine plus HAG in acute myeloid leukemia: an open-label, single-arm, multi-center, phase 2 study

High Efficacy of Azacitidine Plus Hag in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Multi-Center, Phase 2 Clinical Trial

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Cartilage Regeneration of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in the TGF-β1-Immobilized PLGA-Gelatin Scaffold.

High efficacy of Azacitidine plus HAG in acute myeloid leukemia: an open-label, single-arm, multi-center, phase 2 study

High Efficacy of Azacitidine Plus Hag in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Multi-Center, Phase 2 Clinical Trial