Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity in older people The disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive impairment, and the cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β peptide Given the health and economic impacts of AD, treatments that target the underlying etiology of AD or modify the course of the disease are of significant interest The gut microbiome has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease Furthermore, emerging evidence has demonstrated that there are alterations in gut microbiome composition in patients with AD, suggesting involvement of the microbiome-gut-brain axis We present symptom improvement in a patient with AD following fecal microbiota transplantation for a Clostridioides difficile infection

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0300060520925930

Rapid improvement in Alzheimer's disease symptoms following fecal microbiota transplantation: a case report

In recent years, studies investigating the role of the gut microbiota in health and diseases have increased enormously – making it essential to deepen and question the research methodology employed...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19490976.2021.1941711

Investigating causality with fecal microbiota transplantation in rodents: applications, recommendations and pitfalls.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been widely recognized as an approach to determine the microbiome’s causal role in gut dysbiosis-related disease models and as a novel disease-modifying therapy. Despite potential beneficial FMT results in various disease models, there is a variation and complexity in procedural agreement among research groups for performing FMT. The viability of the microbiome in feces and its successful transfer depends on various aspects of donors, recipients, and lab settings. This review focuses on the technical practices of FMT in animal studies. We first document crucial factors required for collecting, handling, and processing donor fecal microbiota for FMT. Then, we detail the description of gut microbiota depletion methods, FMT dosages, and routes of FMT administrations in recipients. In the end, we describe assessments of success rates of FMT with sustainability. It is critical to work under the anaerobic condition to preserve as much of the viability of bacteria. Utilization of germ- free mice or depletion of recipient gut microbiota by antibiotics or polyethylene glycol are two common recipient preparation approaches to achieve better engraftment. Oral-gastric gavage preferred by most researchers for fast and effective administration of FMT in mice. Overall, this review highlights various methods that may lead to developing the standard and reproducible protocol for FMT.

/pdf/procedures-for-fecal-microbiota-transplantation-in-murine-4sv8h23pgq.pdf

Procedures for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Murine Microbiome Studies.

Progression of Colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by single or compounded environmental factors. Accumulating evidence shows that microbiota can influence the outcome of cancer immunotherapy. T cell, one of the main populations of effector immune cells in antitumor immunity, has been considered as a double-edged sword during the progression of CRC. Our previous studies indicate that traditional Chinese herbs (TCM) have potential anticancer effects in improving quality of life and therapeutic effect. However, little is known about the mechanism of TCM formula in cancer prevention. Here, we used C57BL/6 J ApcMin/+ mice, an animal model of human intestinal tumorigenesis, to investigate the gut bacterial diversity and their mechanisms of action in gastrointestinal adenomas, and to evaluate the effects of Yi-Yi-Fu-Zi-Bai-Jiang-San (YYFZBJS) on of colon carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Through human-into-mice fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments from YYFZBJS volunteers or control donors, we were able to differentially modulate the tumor microbiome and affect tumor growth as well as tumor immune infiltration. We report herein, YYFZBJS treatment blocked tumor initiation and progression in ApcMin/+ mice with less change of body weight and increased immune function. Moreover, diversity analysis of fecal samples demonstrated that YYFZBJS regulated animal’s natural gut flora, including Bacteroides fragilis, Lachnospiraceae and so on. Intestinal tumors from conventional and germ-free mice fed with stool from YYFZBJS volunteers had been decreased. Some inflammation’ expression also have been regulated by the gut microbiota mediated immune cells. Intestinal lymphatic, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), accumulated CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3 positive Treg cells were reduced by YYFZBJS treatment in ApcMin/+ mice. Although YYFZBJS had no inhibition on CRC cell proliferation by itself, the altered Tregs mediated by YYFZBJS repressed CRC cancer cell growth, along with reduction of the phosphorylation of β-catenin. In conclusion, we demonstrated that gut microbiota and Treg were involved in CRC development and progression, and we propose YYFZBJS as a new potential drug option for the treatment of CRC.

/pdf/yyfzbjs-ameliorates-colorectal-cancer-progression-in-apc-min-33qbvjvtmr.pdf

YYFZBJS ameliorates colorectal cancer progression in Apc Min/+ mice by remodeling gut microbiota and inhibiting regulatory T-cell generation

Berberine regulates short-chain fatty acid metabolism and alleviates the colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis through remodeling intestinal flora.

Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is the most serious outcome of inflammatory bowel disease, which has an alteration of commensal intestinal microbiota. However, the role of intestinal microbiota on CAC progression is not well-understood. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used for treating murine azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS) model of CAC. Composition of gut microbiota during FMT treatment was analyzed. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the inflammatory factors, and immunofluorescence was applied to examine the phospho-nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65/p100 and Ki67-positive cells in the colons. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to analyze the immune cell after FMT treatment. Rehabilitation of the intestinal microbiota by FMT restored both the ratio and diversity of microbiota during CAC progression. Remarkably, a favorable morphometric outcome characterized by decreased tumor load and size was observed in CAC mice with FMT treatment. In addition, an anti-inflammatory function of FMT was demonstrated by decreasing pro-inflammatory factors but increasing anti-inflammatory factors through inhibiting canonical NF-κB activity and cellular proliferation in colons of CAC mice. The expression of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly increased after FMT treatment in CAC mice, but not T helper (Th)1/2/17 cells. Our study aids in the understanding of CAC pathogenesis and reveals a previously unrecognized role for FMT in the treatment of CAC through restoring the intestinal microbiota and inducing regulatory T cells.

Protective Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Colitis and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer in Mice Is Associated With Treg Cells

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Protective Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Colitis and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer in Mice Is Associated With Treg Cells