Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are popular subsets of robots that come in various shapes and sizes. The group's use in the industry ranges from applications for carrying pallets, carts, and utensils to helping the elderly or transporting medicine to hospitals. Even recently, they have been used in libraries to carry books on shelves. The main part of an AGV includes its body, motor, driver, processor, and sensors, which are more or less the same in all types of AGVs, and addons vary depending on the application and the work environment. The part that affects AGV performance is the control strategy, to which researchers have shown different approaches. Using various techniques and simulations to obtain a model is the key and can help to improve and evaluate the performance of the strategy of the robot. In this study, based on the actual design of the AGV system, all data and components are described, and the simulation is performed in MATLAB software. Then, for controlling the platform based on the PID controller tuning, four methods of Ziegler Nichols, empirical, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Beetle Antennae Searching (BAS) (optimizer) are discussed, and the results are compared in the four paths including the circle, ellipse, Spiral and 8-shaped paths by observing and testing the tuned PID parameters. Finally, a series of subsequent experiences were carried out in CoppeliaSim (VREP) as a famous robot simulator to overcome the environmental constraints for the same paths that were used in Matlab based on the extracted PID values. Based on the results, the empirical methods, PSO, and BAS errors are very close together. But in general, the BAS algorithm is the fastest, and the PSO had better performance. In general, the maximum error is linked to the path of 8 shapes and the minimum is related to circle shape one. Finally, the analysis of results in different paths in both simulators shows the same results. Therefore, concerning the limited test on the real platform and using the PID coefficients obtained from the simulation shows the model's ability for the researchers in robotic research.

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Simulation and Validation of Optimized PID Controller in AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles) Model Using PSO and BAS Algorithms

A few years back, when the image processing hardware and software were created, it was limited, and most of the time, object detection would fail., But as with time, the advancement in technology has significantly changed the scenario. A lot of researchers worked in this field to carry out a solution through which they can detect objects in any field, especially in the robotic domain [1]. In today's world, with so much research in the field of deep learning, it is very easy to identify and detect any object using computer vision. This paper focuses on the various deep learning technologies and algorithms through which object detection can be done. A new and advanced deep learning technology known as salient object detection has been discussed. Also, the 3D object detection and the end-to-end approach for object detection are discussed. The existing methods of deep learning through which object detection can be done. The applications in which object detection is being used and the importance of object detection. It also reports; what the predecessors have done, what problems have been solved by them, how they solved these problems, the characteristics of the predecessors' methods and their future work.

/pdf/the-object-detection-perspective-and-obstacles-in-robotic-a-3txofprc.pdf

The Object Detection, Perspective and Obstacles In Robotic: A Review

Factory safety inspections are crucial for maintaining a secure production environment. Currently, inspections are predominantly performed manually on a regular basis, leading to low efficiency and a high workload. Utilizing inspection robots can significantly improve the reliability and efficiency of these tasks. The development of robot localization and path planning technologies ensures that factory inspection robots can autonomously complete their missions in complex environments. In response to the application requirements of factory inspections, this paper investigates mapping, localization, and path planning methods for robots. Considering the limitations of cameras and laser sensors due to their inherent characteristics, as well as their varying applicability in different environments, this paper proposes SLAM application systems based on multi-line laser radar and visual perception for diverse scenarios. To address the issue of low efficiency in inspection tasks, a hybrid path planning algorithm that combines the A-star algorithm and time elastic band method is introduced. This approach effectively resolves the problem of path planning becoming trapped in local optima in complex environments, subsequently enhancing the inspection efficiency of robots. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed SLAM and path planning methods can satisfy the inspection requirements of robots in complex scenarios, exhibiting excellent reliability and stability.

/pdf/research-on-slam-and-path-planning-method-of-inspection-2c7yuq6k.pdf

Research on SLAM and Path Planning Method of Inspection Robot in Complex Scenarios

The scholarly discourse surrounding the manifold advantages, applications, and limitations of implementing Virtual Reality (VR) in the contemporary milieu has burgeoned over time. VR holds immense potential, attracting fervent interest from governmental and private entities alike. Nevertheless, the existing body of literature pertaining to the expanding utilization of VR in diverse economic sectors remains scant. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to furnish a comprehensive literature review encompassing VR applications across various economic domains while elucidating concerns surrounding its integration within engineering education. A total of 108 publications were extracted from prominent databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, with a subsequent review of 51 relevant works. These scrutinized journals were published between 2015 and 2022 and were predominantly authored in English. The reviewed publications encompassed VR applications in education, robotics, healthcare, transportation, sports, agriculture, governance, security, and media. The study’s findings unveiled significant advancements in VR implementation within engineering education, medical training, cognitive augmentation, aircraft assembly, governance, and diverse other spheres. Notwithstanding these achievements, impediments to VR deployment were identified, stemming from financial exigencies, cultural and conventional norms, with scant evidence of VR’s prevalence in underdeveloped nations, given that all the assessed research originated from developed economies. Additionally, the limitations of this review encompassed a small sample size and a narrowly focused demographic in the examined articles. Nevertheless, despite these constraints, the research highlights substantial progress in VR utilization over the preceding decade.

/pdf/immersive-horizons-exploring-the-transformative-power-of-3qhm2xrt.pdf

Immersive Horizons: Exploring the Transformative Power of Virtual Reality Across Economic Sectors

Nowadays Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are used in various applications. One of the domains that they are recently hired on is remote sensing applications which they should detect and identify the object. Till today various algorithms are proposed but among them SIFT, SURF, ORB and BRISK are more famous but based on the author's resources their performance over the different processors with the same target image is not reported before which is aimed at this research paper. The mentioned algorithms are implemented on three types of hardware, Raspberry Pi3, Odroid C2, and Intel NUC, which were selected based on their availability and different applications in the robotic system. In order to compare the images of a common object, the common UAV structure was designed that can carry all the processors to different heights. Python programming language and OpenCV machine vision library have been used to implement each algorithm. After going through the described calibration steps, the performance of each algorithm in terms of accuracy and processing time on each processor with three cases of rotation modes, the scale and deviation are compared and analyzed based on the image obtained from the drone camera. The results obtained in this research show that the Intel NUC processor has a good processing time in all four algorithms, and the maximum accuracy for all cases of rotation, scale and skew belongs to SIFT. In addition to the mentioned comparison, due to the importance of the weight of accessories, a parameter called TW is defined to show the relationship between processing time and processor mass and the results are reported. The obtained results show that the algorithm's performance result in Raspberry Pi3 and Odroid C2 is very close and inferior to the Intel Nuc processor. But TW for Odroid C2 has even better results than Intel Nuc, which can interest UAV designers and professionals who need to use lightweight drones in remote sensing applications. 

Indoor UAV Object Detection Algorithms On Three Processors: Implementation Test And Comparison

After nearly 30 years of development, service robot technology has made important achievements in the interdisciplinary aspects of machinery, information, materials, control, medicine, etc. These robot types have different shapes, and mainly in some are shaped based on application. Till today various structure are proposed which for the better analysis’s need to have the mathematical equation that can model the structure and later the behaviour of them after implementing the controlling strategy. The current paper discusses the various shape and applications of all available service robots and briefly summarizes the research progress of key points such as robot dynamics, robot types, and different dynamic models of the differential types of service robots. The current review study can be helpful as an initial node for all researchers in this topic and help them to have the better simulation and analyses. Besides the current research shows some application that can specify the service robot model over the application.

/pdf/review-on-the-service-robot-mathematical-model-1z5cwwit.pdf

Review On: The Service Robot Mathematical Model

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Review On: The Service Robot Mathematical Model