A state of the art review on the performance of high-pressure and high-temperature drilling fluids: Towards understanding the structure-property relationship of drilling fluid additives

Synthesis of hydrophobic associative polymers to improve the rheological and filtration performance of drilling fluids under high temperature and high salinity conditions

Thermally stable and salt-resistant synthetic polymers as drilling fluid additives for deployment in harsh sub-surface conditions: A review

With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile, the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase, which increases the risk of various complications. Currently, reagents based on modified natural polymers (which are naturally occurring compounds) and synthetic polymers (SPs) which are polymeric compounds created industrially, are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling process. However, compared to modified natural polymers, SPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization reactions. SPs provide substantial flexibility in their design. Moreover, their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling fluids. They can be classified based on chemical ingredients, type of reaction, and their responses to heating. However, some of SPs, due to their structural characteristics, have a high cost, a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids, and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130 °C. These drawbacks prevent SP use in some medium and deep wells. Thus, this review addresses the historical development, the characteristics, manufacturing methods, classification, and the applications of SPs in drilling fluids. The contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology, filtrate generation, carrying of cuttings, fluid lubricity, and clay/shale stability are explained in detail. The mechanisms, impacts, and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also described. The typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also discussed. Economic issues also impact the applications of SPs in drilling fluids. Consequently, the cost of the most relevant SPs, and the monomers used in their synthesis, are assessed. Environmental impacts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids, and their manufacturing processes are identified, together with advances in SP-treatment methods aimed at reducing those impacts. Recommendations for required future research addressing SP property and performance gaps are provided. 

Synthetic polymers: A review of applications in drilling fluids

Novel N, N-dimethylacrylamide copolymer containing multiple rigid comonomers as a filtrate reducer in water-based drilling fluids and mechanism study

\n The rapidly increasing global oil/gas demand and gradual depletion of shallow reservoirs require the development of deep oil/gas reservoirs and geothermal reservoirs. However, deep drilling suffers from drilling-fluid failures under ultrahigh temperature, which cause serious accidents such as wellbore collapse, stuck pipe, and even blowouts. In this study, we revealed the role of polymeric additives in improving the ultrahigh-temperature tolerance of bentonite-based drilling fluids, aiming to provide practical and efficient solutions to the failure of drilling fluids in severe conditions. By adding poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) to the original drilling fluid containing bentonite, significant fluid loss—as a consequence of bentonite-particle flocculation causing drilling-fluid shear-stress reduction and high-permeability mud—is successfully suppressed even at temperature as high as 200°C. This drilling fluid containing PSS was applied in the drilling of high-temperature deep wells in Xinjiang province, China, and exhibited high effectiveness in controlling accidents including overflow and leakage.\n NOTE: A supplementary file is available in the Supporting Information section.

Water-Based Drilling Fluid Containing Bentonite/Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) Composite for Ultrahigh-Temperature Ultradeep Drilling and Its Field Performance

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, and discloses water-based drilling fluid of a high-temperature-resisting calcium-resisting protection oil and gas reservoir and application thereof. The water-based drilling fluid comprises filtrate reducer and a blocking agent, wherein the filtrate reducer is a copolymer comprising a structure unit as shown in formula (I), a structural unit as shown in formula (2) and a structural unit as shown in formula (3), wherein the weight ratio of the structural unit shown in formula (1), the structural unit shown in formula (2) and the structural unit shown in formula (3) is (0.1 to 0.2): 1: (0.05 to 0.1), and the number-average molecular weight of the copolymer is 10,000 to 100 thousand. The blocking agent is acrylamide-diallyldimethylammonium chloride modified graphene. When the drilling fluid of the invention is used for drilling a high-temperature deep well, the drilling fluid is good in filtrate reduction, blocking performance, temperature resistance, collapse resistance and reservoir protection performance. (The formula is as shown in the description).

Water-based drilling fluid of high-temperature-resisting calcium-resisting protection oil and gas reservoir and application thereof

The relationship between ξ potential of near surface of rock and rock-breaking efficiency in recent years were reviewed. Based on the microscale of crystal lattice, the influence of cataclysmic change of induced dipole on ξ potential of near surface of rock core in the process of rock failure was investigated. The effect of changing potential on the hardness of near surface of rock was analyzed. The results indicated that ξ potential of near surface of rock could be changed suddenly by induced dipole from the crystal lattice of rock core caused by microfracture extension. In addition, the rock-breaking efficiency could be improved by changing ξ potential of rock surface. This study can be helpful for the design of novel additives for drilling fluids, and endow with economically and technically viable petroleum development and production processes.

Study on the mechanism of the effect of changing ξ potential of rock surface on rock-breaking efficiency

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Water-Based Drilling Fluid Containing Bentonite/Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) Composite for Ultrahigh-Temperature Ultradeep Drilling and Its Field Performance

Water-based drilling fluid of high-temperature-resisting calcium-resisting protection oil and gas reservoir and application thereof

Study on the mechanism of the effect of changing ξ potential of rock surface on rock-breaking efficiency