Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease, Adiposity and Dysglycemia Drivers: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Body roundness index (BRI) is a new anthropometric index developed to predict both body fat and the percentage of visceral adipose tissue. Our aim was to investigate whether BRI is superior to traditional anthropometric indices in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. The estimated pooled areas under curve (AUCs) for BRI predicting MetS was higher than body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body shape index (ABSI) and body adiposity index (BAI), similar to waist circumference (WC) and lower than waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). However, the difference between BRI and BMI, WC and WHtR predicting MetS was statistically non-significant. Similar results were found with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-SROC). In addition, the non-Chinese population had pooled AUCs greater than the Chinese population for all indices. Pooled ORs showed that BRI is associated with an increased MetS risk. In conclusion, BRI had good discriminatory power for MetS in adults of both sexes from diverse populations (AUC > 0.7; AUC-SROC>0.7). However, WC and WHtR offer the best performance when screening for MetS, and non-significant differences were found with BRI. In contrast, BRI was superior to BMI, WHR, ABSI and BAI in predicting MetS.

Effectiveness of body roundness index in predicting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Introduction: The body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI) are novel anthropometric indices established to determine both the amount visceral adipose tissue and body fat. Objective: to investigate whether BRI and ABSI are better predictors of hypertension than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases up until 31 December 2020. Results: The estimated pooled area under curve [AUC (95% CI)] for BRI [0.67 (0.65–0.70)] for the prediction of hypertension were superior to that of ABSI (0.58 (0.56–0.60)), similar to that of BMI [0.67 (0.64–0.69)], and lower than those WC [0.68 (0.66–0.70)] and WHtR [0.68 (0.66–0.71)]. Nevertheless, the difference of BRI compared to WC and WHtR in the context of predicting hypertension was non-significant. ABSI was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than BRI, BMI, WC and WHtR. Similar findings were observed with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-SROC). There were no significant differences between subgroups according to type of population or diagnostic criteria of hypertension. The diagnostic odds ratio (dORs) proved that increased BRI and ABSI were related with an elevated hypertension risk. Conclusions: BRI and ABSI have discriminatory power for hypertension in adult women and men from different populations. Although, WHtR and WC provided the best performance when assessing hypertension, no significant differences were found for BRI. Finally, BRI was significantly better predictor of hypertension than ABSI.

Effectiveness of Body Roundness Index (BRI) and a Body Shape Index (ABSI) in Predicting Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background and aims Aging becomes a growing global concern with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that mainly consist of cognitive decline and Parkinson disease (PD). As the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug, metformin has been shown to have inconsistent roles in the incidence of NDs. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the effect of metformin exposure on onset of NDs. Methods The observational studies that investigated the associations between metformin and the incidence of NDs were searched in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. A random-effect model was performed using STATA to calculate the combined ORs. Results In total, 23 comparisons out of 19 studies with 285 966 participants were included. Meta-analysis found there was no significant effect on incidence of all the subtypes of NDs with metformin exposure (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.17). However, metformin monotherapy was associated with a significantly increased risk of PD incidence compared with non-metformin users or glitazone users (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.42). Conclusion Metformin has failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect on NDs. In addition, it may increase the risk of PD development. In light of current results, how metformin would impact NDs, especially the potential risk of PD, needs to be scrutinized. The underlying mechanisms are vital to achieve some more profound understanding on the regimen. Trial registration number CRD 42019133285.

https://drc.bmj.com/content/bmjdrc/8/1/e001370.full.pdf

Association between metformin and neurodegenerative diseases of observational studies: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives The measurement of visceral fat (VF) is clinically important for the identification of individuals at high risk of visceral obesity-related health conditions. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a widely available and frequently used body composition assessment method, but there have been few validation studies for the measurement of VF. This validation study investigated agreement between BIA and CT for the assessment of VF in adults. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Between 2015 and 2016 in China. Participants A total of 414 adults (119 men and 295 women) aged 40-82 years. Primary and secondary outcome measures CT-visceral fat area (VFA) was derived at the L2-3 and umbilicus level and VFA cut-offs for visceral obesity applied. BIA measurements of visceral fat level were compared with CT VFA findings using scatter plots and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Scatter plots showed poor agreement between BIA and CT-derived visceral fat measurements in both sexes (R=0.387-0.636). ROC curves gave optimum figures for sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 69% in women and 76% and 70% in men, respectively, for BIA to discriminate between adults with normal levels of VF and those with visceral obesity determined by CT. Conclusion BIA has limited accuracy for the assessment of VF in adults in practice when compared with the criterion method.

/pdf/measurement-of-visceral-fat-and-abdominal-obesity-by-single-1uufab9r1k.pdf

Measurement of visceral fat and abdominal obesity by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance and CT: a cross-sectional study.

Associations of anthropometric adiposity indexes with hypertension risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis including PURE-China.

The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) China Action on Spine and Hip status (CASH) study focused on the prevalence of osteoporosis and spinal fracture in China. The aim of the PURE CASH study is to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and spinal fracture, and explore the potential relationship between spinal fracture and bone mineral density (BMD). This study is a prospective large-scale population study with a community-based sampling and recruitment strategy. The aim is to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture in this population, to evaluate the association between vertebral fractures and BMD values, and to assess the prediction power of BMD for incident fractures. Participants in the PURE CASH study are all from the PURE study in China, recruited from 12 centers in 7 Chinese provinces. The inclusion criteria are that participants should be aged more than 40 years and able to give informed consent. Exclusion criteria are pregnant women, individuals with metal implants in the lumbar spine, use of medications or the existence of any disease or condition known to have a major influence on BMD, and inability to give informed consent. A total of 3,457 participants undergo a quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scan of the upper abdomen. The scanning parameters are as follows: 120 kVp at all centers, mAs between 75 and 200, FOV 40 cm×40 cm. The BMD values of L1 to L3 are measured, and the average BMD calculated. The American College of Radiology QCT criteria for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is applied to determine the presence of osteoporosis. The scout view images of T4-L4 vertebrae are reviewed by two experienced radiologists for semi-quantification of vertebral fractures according to Genant's method.

/pdf/the-protocol-for-the-prospective-urban-rural-epidemiology-3eetn1vnoy.pdf

The protocol for the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology China Action on Spine and Hip status study

The effect of calcium on prevention of osteoporosis and related fracture which are aging issues is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the association of calcium intake with vertebral fracture. This study enrolled 3,457 participants from China Action on Spine and Hip Status (CASH) study from 2013 and 2017. Dietary calcium intake was collected using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Vertebral fracture of CT images was defined as the primary outcome. The mean calcium intake of men and women were 522.75mg/day and 507.21mg/day, respectively. 6% reduction in the odds of fracture risk was observed per 100 unit increase of calcium intake from food among females (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99), but results among males were not significant. We divided calcium intake into quintiles when modelling its associations with fracture risk, negative associations of fracture risk with calcium intake were found among females. In a population with low usual calcium intake, higher dietary calcium intake was associated with fewer vertebral fracture in women and that no such association was seen in men.

/pdf/the-association-of-calcium-intake-with-osteoporotic-23l7pppnly.pdf

The association of calcium intake with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in a large Chinese cohort

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Associations of anthropometric adiposity indexes with hypertension risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis including PURE-China.

The protocol for the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology China Action on Spine and Hip status study

The association of calcium intake with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in a large Chinese cohort