A review on microcombustion: Fundamentals, devices and applications

Review on sensible thermal energy storage for industrial solar applications and sustainability aspects

Cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Natural gas (with methane as its main component) provides an attractive energy source because of its large abundance and its high heat of combustion per mole of carbon dioxide generated. However, the emissions released from the conventional flame combustion (essentially NOx) have harmful impacts on the environment and the human health. Within the scope of rational and clean use of fossil energies, the catalytic combustion of natural gas appears as one of the most promising alternatives to flammable combustion. The presence of catalysts enables complete oxidation of methane at much lower temperatures (typically 500 °C), so that the formation of pollutants can be largely avoided. This work presents a literature review on the catalytic methane combustion. Various aspects are discussed including the catalyst types, the reaction mechanisms and kinetic characteristics, effects of various influencing operational factors and different reactor types proposed and tested. This paper may serve as an essential reference that contributes to the development of well-designed reactors, equipped with appropriate catalysts, and under well-handled operating conditions to realize the favorable (kinetic) performance, for their future applications and propagation in different industrial sectors.

A review on catalytic methane combustion at low temperatures: Catalysts, mechanisms, reaction conditions and reactor designs

Parametric optimization design for supercritical CO2 power cycle using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network

Effect of magnesium on the burning characteristics of boron particles

Combustion of hydrogen–air in catalytic micro-combustors made of different material

Combustion of hydrogen-air in micro combustors with catalytic Pt layer

Boron is a beneficial fuel for propellants and explosives because of its high energy density. However, efficient combustion of boron particles is difficult to obtain because of an inhibiting oxide layer that covers the particles. Various metal oxides are active catalysts in graphite/carbon oxidation, but no study has been carried out to investigate metal oxides as catalysts for boron oxidation. In this paper, the effects of metal oxides on boron oxidation are introduced. The instruments used in the experiments include a thermobalance, FactSage 6.2 software, and a CO2 laser ignition facility. The results reveal that Bi2O3 is the most active catalyst: it can reduce the ignition temperature by 15.2%. Fe2O3 and SnO2 are the second and third most active catalysts, respectively. The other four metal oxides used in the experiments exhibit little activity on boron thermal oxidation. The catalytic action of metal oxides possibly involves the cyclic reduction of the metal oxides and the reoxidation of the resulting...

Metal Oxides as Catalysts for Boron Oxidation

Only few data exist for experimental studies on ignition and combustion of boron particles with initial oxide thickness. The oxidation, ignition and combustion characteristics including the onset temperatures, weight gain, apparent activation energy, emission spectra during combustion, and ignition delay time of crystalline boron powders with different initial oxide thickness (x0) were studied by a laser ignition and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Simulations of the kinetics of oxide layer during boron ignition were conducted using a common model. The results indicated that the onset temperature was approximately 775 °C, independent of x0. The total weight gain decreased with increasing x0, whereas the weight gain at 775 °C did not change. The apparent activation energy was found to be insensitive to x0 and had a constant value of about 210 kJ mol−1. The intensity of the emission spectra gradually decreased while the ignition delay time increased with increasing x0. Numerical simulation showed that the removal rate of oxide layer enhanced with increasing x0. The experimental results revealed that the oxidation of boron powder was no diffusion-controlled process at low temperatures. But the diffusion of oxygen could become important to the oxidation reaction at high temperatures

Effect of Initial Oxide Layer on Ignition and Combustion of Boron Powder

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