Microfluidic Emulsification Techniques for Controllable Emulsion Production and Functional Microparticle Synthesis

The preparation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has come to the forefront in recent years because of their outstanding physical and chemical properties. Many MOFs such as Zn, Co, Ni, Fe, and Ag, etc., have been successfully synthesized. In this work, we followed the solvothermal assisted route to synthesize Ag-MOF (abbreviated as AMOF) nanosheets and then applied them as a photocatalyst to remove different organic pollutants, namely methyl orange (MO), crystal violet (CV), and methylene blue (MB). Chemical composition, optical properties, morphology, and microstructural analysis were analyzed using XPS, UV-visible spectrophotometer, FESEM, TEM, and EDS, respectively. The structural properties of AMOF nanosheets were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm analysis were utilized to evaluate the specific surface area and pore size of the AMOF nanosheets. Further, AMOF nanosheets showed notable photocatalytic performance for various dye pollutants degradation. The results confirmed 74.5, 85.5, and 90.7% of MO, CV, and MB dye pollutants removal after 120 min of irradiation with the rate constants (k) of 0.0123, 0.0153, and 0.0158 min−1, respectively. The effect of superoxide radicals (O2−) and photogenerated holes (h+) on the organic dye pollutants removal was investigated using radical scavenger trapping studies. Moreover, the stability study also confirmed the recyclability of the photocatalyst. Therefore, the findings of this research present a realizable method to grow AMOF photocatalyst for successful degradation of various dye pollutants.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/2/336/pdf?version=1673605545

Development of MOF Based Recyclable Photocatalyst for the Removal of Different Organic Dye Pollutants

The global freshwater crisis is a pressing issue, especially in areas with little rainfall and inner continental regions. The growing attention to water scarcity has induced increased interest in research on advanced water treatment technologies. As an abundant bioactive material in nature, sodium alginate (SA) has been widely used in water management due to its outstanding water absorption and holding ability, reversible swelling property, and pollutant adsorption performance. Building on this, progress made in using various modified forms of SA to access clean water is addressed in this review. Covering studies concern the adsorption and separation of pollutants in wastewater by SA-based absorbents and freshwater harvesting by SA-based collectors. This review explores SA-based composites' composition-structure-construction designs and emphasizes the impact of materials like inorganic materials, functional polymers, and porous matrices and how they can be exploited for water treatment. It also highlights the mechanisms of contaminants adsorption and freshwater desorption of SA-based composites. Finally, the shortcomings and future orientation of SA-based composites are proposed, including performance optimization, structural modification, application expansion, and mechanism in-depth investigation. This review aims to offer a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the use of natural materials to respond to the shortage of freshwater resources. 

A critical review of sodium alginate-based composites in water treatment

Organic dye contaminants pose increasing threats to water ecological systems and global sustainability. Rational development of functional particles with adsorption-catalysis synergy is envisioned as a powerful route for enhanced water remediation. Here, hierarchical porous MOF-integrated alginate particles with synergized adsorption and photocatalytic degradation is developed for effective water remediation. The particles exhibit unique mesh-like Ca-alginate (CaAlg) networks with incorporated macro-/micro-porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles, both modified with negatively-charged tannic acid (TA). The TA-modified mesh-like CaAlg (CaAlg@TA) networks serve as highly porous absorbents, while the TA-modified ZIF-8 (ZIF-8@TA) nanoparticles serve as both hierarchical porous nano-absorbents and photoactive nano-catalysts. This combination simultaneously harnesses the advantages of CaAlg@TA networks and ZIF-8@TA nanoparticles to achieve adsorption-photocatalysis synergy for efficient water remediation. As demonstrated by removal of toxic and carcinogenic dye methylene blue (MB), these particles show much higher performances with fast adsorption and high capacity (1277 mg g−1), as compared to control group particles without adsorption-photocatalysis synergy. Meanwhile, the adsorption-photocatalysis synergy largely suppresses undesired secondary water contamination from the MB-adsorbed particles, and benefits particle regeneration to achieve good reusability for repeated MB removal (>95.5 % for 10 cycles). This work provides a simple and flexible route for rational fabrication of MOF-integrated particles with adsorption-photocatalysis synergy, and thus may open up new horizons for developing advanced functional particles for effective water remediation. 

Hierarchical porous tannic-acid-modified MOFs/alginate particles with synergized adsorption-photocatalysis for water remediation

There is increasing demand and interest in efficient methods for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater because of the growing concerns associated with the negative impacts of REEs-rich waste discharged on pristine ecosystems. Here, we designed a ZIF-8@ALG composite hydrogel by encapsulating zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) into sodium alginate and poly (vinyl alcohol) double cross-linked networks (ALG) for the recovery of REEs from mine wastewater. ZIF-8@ALG showed exceptional REEs adsorption performance with the most superior separation factor (Ho/Mn) of 597.5. For the REEs considered, the ZIF-8@ALG composite exhibited a preference for heavy REEs with high adsorption efficiencies (65.3 ∼ 97.2%) and distribution coefficients (2045.5 ∼ 28500.0 mL·g 

Recovery of rare earth elements from mine wastewater using alginate microspheres encapsulated with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8

Hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks/polymer microparticles for enhanced catalytic degradation of organic contaminants

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Hierarchical porous tannic-acid-modified MOFs/alginate particles with synergized adsorption-photocatalysis for water remediation

Hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks/polymer microparticles for enhanced catalytic degradation of organic contaminants