/pdf/biomedical-applications-of-microfluidic-devices-a-review-1nrebu5g.pdf

Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review

Nanozymes represent a class of nanosized materials that exhibit innate catalytic properties similar to biological enzymes. The unique features of these materials have positioned them as promising candidates for applications in clinical sensing devices, specifically those employed at the point-of-care. They notably have found use as a means to amplify signals in nanosensor-based platforms and thereby improve sensor detection limits. Recent developments in the understanding of the fundamental chemistries underpinning these materials have enabled the development of highly effective nanozymes capable of sensing clinically relevant biomarkers at detection limits that compete with "gold-standard" techniques. However, there remain considerable hurdles that need to be overcome before these nanozyme-based sensors can be utilized in a platform ready for clinical use. An overview of the current understandings of nanozymes for disease diagnostics and biosensing applications and the unmet challenges that must be considered prior to their translation in clinical diagnostic tests is provided.

The Nanozyme Revolution: Enhancing the Performance of Medical Biosensing Platforms.

Acidity-responsive cascade nanoreactor based on metal-nanozyme and glucose oxidase combination for starving and photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic antibacterial therapy

Acidity-Responsive Cascade Nanoreactor Based on Metal-Nanozyme and Glucose Oxidase Combination for Starving and Photothermal-Enhanced Chemodynamic Antibacterial Therapy

Bismuth-based metal-organic framework peroxidase-mimic nanozyme: Preparation and mechanism for colorimetric-converted ultra-trace electrochemical sensing of chromium ion.

Electrochemical/visual microfluidic detection with a covalent organic framework supported platinum nanozyme-based device for early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

The microbiota in the human gut is not only a complicated microecological system but also plays important roles in both health and disease. In order to understand the roles of these gut bacteria, we determined the distribution of microbiota in different regions of the gut by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V4 region of the bacteria in the saliva, gastric juice, and stool of healthy individuals. The 16S rRNA gene V3-V5 region sequences of saliva and stool microbiota were obtained from Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and the V4 sequence was obtained from the V3-V5 sequences by a program designed by Perl language. We found that the microbiota of the gastric juice is more similar to those in the saliva rather than that in the stool. The frequency of some taxa was significantly different among the three groups with the Streptococcus, Veillonella, Oribacterium, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, and Granulicatella most abundant in the saliva; the Prevotella, Neisseria, Actinobacillus, Treponema, and Helicobacter most abundant in the gastric juice; and the Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Sutterella, Ruminococcus, Oscillospira and Phascolarctobacterium most abundant in the stool. In addition, results from PICRUSt analyses suggest that the functions of microbiota in the gastric juice are more similar as those in the saliva than in the stool. Moreover, we also found that the membrane transport of the microbiota in the saliva is higher than that in the stool and gastric juice. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive comparison of microbiota in the human oral cavity, stomach, and intestine.

Molecular profiling of microbiota in human oral cavity, stomach and intestine

Pheochromocytoma (PCC), as a rare neuroendocrine tumor, is often missed or misdiagnosed because of its atypical clinical manifestations. To realize the early accurate diagnosis of PCC, we have selected circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with more complete biological information as biomarkers and developed a simple and novel fluorescence cytosensor. Octreotide-2,2′,2′′,2′''- (1,4,7,10 -tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl) tetraacetic acid (DOTA) modified magnetic Fe3O4 and signal amplification CDs@SiO2 nanospheres are prepared to capture and detect PCC-CTCs from peripheral blood via binding to the somatostatin receptor SSTR2 overexpressed on the surface of PCC cells. During the detection process, the target cells were separated and enriched by magnetic capture probes (Fe3O4-DOTA), and then signal probes (CDs@SiO2-DOTA) could also specifically bound to target cells to form the sandwich-like structure for fluorescence signal output. The proposed fluorescence cytosensor has revealed good sensitivity and selectivity for quantitative analysis of PCC-CTCs in the concentration of 5–1000 cells mL−1 with a LOD of 2 cells mL−1. More importantly, designed fluorescence cytosensor has shown good reliability and stability in complex serum samples. This strategy provides a new way for detection of PCC-CTCs. 

Carbon dot-based fluorescent probe for early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma through identification of circulating tumor cells.

Dual-targeting surface-enhancement Raman scattering tags based on silver nanocubes for early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

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Electrochemical/visual microfluidic detection with a covalent organic framework supported platinum nanozyme-based device for early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

Molecular profiling of microbiota in human oral cavity, stomach and intestine

Carbon dot-based fluorescent probe for early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma through identification of circulating tumor cells.

Dual-targeting surface-enhancement Raman scattering tags based on silver nanocubes for early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.