Objective: The recent obesity epidemic has been accompanied by a parallel growth in chronic sleep deprivation. Physiologic studies suggest sleep deprivation may influence weight through effects on appetite, physical activity, and/or thermoregulation. This work reviews the literature regarding short sleep duration as an independent risk factor for obesity and weight gain.

Short sleep duration and weight gain : a systematic review

The objective of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sleep duration and various health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 y...

Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.

Members of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine developed consensus recommendations for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in children and adolescents using a modified RAND Appr...

Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for Healthy Children: Methodology and Discussion.

Genetics of Parkinson's disease

Complications of obesity in children and adolescents

Background:

Short sleep duration was reported to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension among adults. The present study aimed to investigate this association in children and adolescents.



Hypothesis:

Short sleep duration is related to higher risk of hypertension among children and adolescents.



Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 4902 children and adolescents age 5 to 18 years. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at the research center and classified using the population-based percentiles. Sleep duration and related information were determined through questionnaires.



Results:

The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension were 20.3% and 15%, respectively. The median sleep duration was 8.77 ± 1.07 hours (mean ± standard deviation). A short sleep duration (<9 hours) was associated with a higher risk of hypertension when compared with the group sleeping longer (9–10 h), among boys age 11 to 14 years old (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.04–2.15), adjusting for age, body mass index, waist circumference, and physical activity. The linear regression stratified by age indicated that for boys age 11 to 14 years the inverse association existed after adjustment with the coefficients −1.04 mm Hg and −0.55 mm Hg per hour of sleep for systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively.



Conclusions:

Short sleep duration (<9 h) is independently associated with hypertension among Chinese boys age 11 to 14 years old. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.



L. Zheng and X. Guo contributed equally to this work.



The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/clc.20976

Association Between Sleep Duration and Hypertension Among Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of neck circumference (NC) in predicting prehypertension in children and adolescents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study including 6,802 children and adolescents (3,631 boys and 3,171 girls) aged 5-18 years. Main anthropometric data and related information were collected. Results The prevalence of prehypertension was 14.4%, 16.4% and 17.1% in normal weight, overweight and obese group respectively. Among the participants with normal body mass index (BMI), higher NC was significantly associated with increased odds of prehypertension (OR: 1.439; 95% CI: 1.118 to 1.853) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and WC. Significant associations between NC and either systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β=0.581 mmHg) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β=0.236 mmHg) were found in the linear regression. No significant ORs were observed either in overweight or in obese categories. Conclusion We concluded that additional measure of NC might expand the ability of BMI for the identification of prehypertension in normal weight children and adolescents.

Prehypertension in children and adolescents: association with body weight and neck circumference.

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium. MicroRNA-203 (miR-203) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In this work, we aimed to explore the roles and potential mechanisms of miR-203 in myocarditis in vitro. Cardiomyocyte H9c2 was subjected to 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that LPS upregulated miR-203 expression in H9c2 cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays demonstrated that inhibition of miR-203 reduced cell injury induced by LPS. The cell apoptosis rate, caspase 3 activity, caspase 3/7 activities, and the expression of cleaved-caspase 3 (c-caspase 3) were declined upon miR-203 depletion. In addition, miR-203 silencing attenuated the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-8). On the contrary, overexpression of miR-203 showed the opposite trend in cell apoptosis and inflammation. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-203 could bind with the nuclear factor interleukin-3 (NFIL3) 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR), and miR-203 regulated the expression of NFIL3 negatively. Moreover, NFIL3 silencing partly abolished the myocardial protective functions of miR-203 inhibitor. Herein, we suggest that miR-203 promoted cell apoptosis and inflammation induced by LPS via targeting NFIL3.

miR-203 accelerates apoptosis and inflammation induced by LPS via targeting NFIL3 in cardiomyocytes.

Obesity exhibits a wide variety of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in adults, which often lead to cardiovascular events. However, there is currently no evidence of an association between obesity and ECG variables in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to explore the associations between obesity and ECG intervals and axes in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional observational study of 5,556 students aged 5-18 years was performed. Anthropometric data, blood pressure and standard 12-lead ECGs were collected for each participant. ECG variables were measured manually based on the temporal alignment of simultaneous 12 leads using a CV200 ECG Work Station. Overweight and obese groups demonstrated significantly longer PR intervals, wider QRS durations and leftward shifts of frontal P-wave, QRS and T-wave axes, while the obese group also demonstrated significantly higher heart rates, compared with normal weight groups within normotensive or hypertensive subjects (P 0.05). The results of the current study indicate that in children and adolescents, general and abdominal obesity is associated with longer PR intervals, wider QRS duration and a leftward shift of frontal P-wave, QRS and T-wave axes, independent of age, gender, ethnicity and blood pressure.

/pdf/association-between-obesity-and-ecg-variables-in-children-2f12jvvqaa.pdf

Association between obesity and ECG variables in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study

KLF5 overexpression attenuates cardiomyocyte inflammation induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion through the PPARγ/PGC-1α/TNF-α signaling pathway.

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