Recent Advances in Tribology of High Entropy Alloys: A Critical Review

Recently, high entropy alloys (HEAs) with body-centred cubic (BCC) single phase structures have attracted wide attention in many fields including hydrogen storage, due to their unique structural characteristics and excellent performance. Its novel design concept provides more possibilities for the investigation of advanced hydrogen storage materials, in which several remarkable research works have been published, providing opportunities for the design of hydrogen storage materials with unprecedented properties. In this review, we combed through the definition and criteria of high entropy alloys, and summarized the current research status of body-centred cubic-structured high entropy alloys for hydrogen storage from multiple perspectives of composition designs, synthesis processes, and hydrogen storage properties. Moreover, the possible application scenarios and future research directions are analysed.

/pdf/a-review-on-bcc-structured-high-entropy-alloys-for-hydrogen-3sjbh86e.pdf

A review on BCC-structured high-entropy alloys for hydrogen storage

As engineering equipment is applied in a harsh environment with a heavy load, cyclic stress, and a wide range of temperatures, the reliability of the equipment becomes a challenge, especially when wear contact is involved. Hence, the design and exploitation of an advanced alloy surface may hold the key to control and minimize friction and wear in the transmission system for safety-critical applications. High entropy alloys (HEAs) or multi-component alloys have been proved to have outstanding mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature oxidation resistance with potential use as wear resistance and friction reduction coatings. In this paper, the properties and development status of HEAs coating systems for tribological applications were reviewed to gain a better understanding of their advantages and limitations obtained by different preparation methods. Specifically, focus was paid to magnetron sputtering, laser cladding, and thermal spraying since these three deposition methods were more widely used in wear-resistant and friction-reducing coatings. Building upon this, the correlation between composition, mechanical properties, and friction as well as wear characteristics of these coatings are summarized. Finally, the key problems to be solved to move the field forward and the future trend of tribology application for HEA coatings are outlined.

/pdf/tribological-behavior-of-high-entropy-alloy-coatings-a-1zjlx1bw.pdf

Tribological Behavior of High Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review

Sliding wear behavior of high entropy alloy coatings deposited through cold spraying and flame spraying: A comparative assessment

The first principle of calculation is a computational technique based on quantum mechanics that may precisely determine the ground-state electronic structure and associated mechanical and thermodynamic characteristics of solid materials. This study explains the history of first-principles development, calculation techniques, and the use of ultra-soft pseudopotential in hydrogen storage materials based on an inquiry and analysis of the findings of previous research. This paper primarily reviews the research progress of first principles in improving two-dimensional hydrogen storage materials, metal-organic framework materials, alkali metal-base composite hydrides, and metal-base hydrogen storage materials in order to speculate on the hydrogen storage mechanisms of materials. It is possible to estimate the location of hydrogen adsorption in a material by computing its electronic structure, band structure, electron density, and lattice vibration. This information is then used to compute the hypothetical new hydrogen storage material. Finally, the direction of first-principles computing in hydrogen storage materials is anticipated. 

Progress in the application of first principles to hydrogen storage materials

Effects of Zr doping on activation capability and hydrogen storage performances of TiFe-based alloy

Adopting multi-principal high entropy alloys (HEAs) as wear/corrosion-resistant coatings is a frontier in the field of surface engineering. The eutectic high entropy alloy (EHEA) exhibited excellent mechanical properties, and its dual-phase, lamellar nanostructure effectively prohibited pitting corrosion, making the alloy a potential candidate for wear/corrosion-resistant coatings served in the complicated environments. In the presented study, a dense and non-oxidized CoCrFeNiTaAl EHEA was coated on 304 stainless steel (SUS 304) substrate by a high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) thermal spraying process. The microstructure, corrosion resistance, as well as high temperature wear resistance of the coating were analyzed. The coating consisted of a deformation zone and a solidified zone. The deformation zone had the same structure as the original powders of the hypo-eutectic structure, and the solidified zone exhibited a single-phase solid solution structure. The EHEA coating exhibited an excellent combination of pitting corrosion and room-temperature wear resistance. The wear mechanism of EHEA coatings was abrasive, and oxidation wear at room temperature and 100 °C, while adhesive and oxidation wears occurred at elevated temperatures. The wear resistance decreases as temperature increases. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11666-022-01342-y.pdf

Effect of Nanostructure on Wear and Corrosion Behavior of HVAF-Sprayed Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy Coatings

Laser melting deposition is commonly used to prepare high-entropy alloy (HEAs) coatings. Laser melting deposition with coaxial powder feeding (CPF) and laser melting deposition with powder pre-placed (PPP) lead to differences in the melting and solidification behaviors in non-equilibrium solidification conditions due to the differences in forming principles and energy input. In this paper, the solidification behaviors, microstructures, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of FeCoCrNiAl0.5 high-entropy alloys coatings prepared by CPF and PPP were studied. The results demonstrated that the solidification path, crystal orientation, and average grain size of CPF and PPP HEAs coatings were significantly influenced by the temperature gradient (G) and solidification rate (R). The distinct microstructures between CPF and PPP HEAs coatings resulted in differences in their mechanical properties. Notably, the PPP HEAs coating, characterized by a higher G × R value, exhibited a combination of both FCC and BCC phases, along with a larger kernel average misorientation (0.4592) and a smaller average grain size (41.12 μm). Consequently, in non-equilibrium solidification conditions, the PPP HEAs coating displayed enhanced grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, BCC hard phase strengthening, and solid solution strengthening effects compared to the CPF HEAs coating. This led to a higher average microhardness (100 HV) and a lower friction coefficient (0.27) for the PPP HEAs coating in comparison to the CPF HEAs coating. 

Effect of solidification behaviors on microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys coatings by laser melting deposition

To enhance the wear resistance of high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings and broaden their applications under extreme conditions, this study proposed an in-situ synthesis process of a dual-phase strengthened nitrides layer on laser cladded HEA coating. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiAl0.5 HEA coating by plasma nitriding were systematically investigated, revealing formation and strengthening mechanisms of nitrides. In comparison to the traditional nitrided substrate 38CrMoAl, the results showed that the nitrided HEA coating exhibited high hardness and wear resistance, characterized by dual-phase nitrides AlN+CrN due to the negative Gibbs free energy, negative nitride formation enthalpy and higher atomic specific surface areas. While only a single-phase iron nitride with lower hardness was obtained on the nitrided 38CrMoAl. The microhardness and wear mass loss of the nitrided HEA coating were 1167 HV and 0.435×10-6 mg/mm, respectively, which were 33.4% higher and 63.3% lower than those of the nitrided 38CrMoAl. The strengthening effects attributed to the refinement of dual-phase nitrides, interstitial solid solution by N atoms, dispersion strengthening by higher proportion of nitrides. 

In-situ synthesis of dual-phase nitrides and multiple strengthening mechanisms in FeCoCrNiAl0.5 high entropy matrix composite coatings by laser cladding and plasma nitriding

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Papers

Effects of Zr doping on activation capability and hydrogen storage performances of TiFe-based alloy

Effect of Nanostructure on Wear and Corrosion Behavior of HVAF-Sprayed Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy Coatings

Effect of solidification behaviors on microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys coatings by laser melting deposition

In-situ synthesis of dual-phase nitrides and multiple strengthening mechanisms in FeCoCrNiAl0.5 high entropy matrix composite coatings by laser cladding and plasma nitriding