Cellulose: A Contribution for the Zero e-Waste Challenge

Antibiotics, a kind of containments with the properties of widely distributed and difficult to degrade, has aroused extensive attention in the world. As a prevalent agricultural waste, straws can be utilized to prepare biochar (straw-derived biochar, SBC) to remove antibiotics from aquatic environment. To date, although a number of review papers have summarized and discussed research on biochar application in wastewater treatment and soil remediation, there are few reviews on SBC for antibiotic removal. Due to the limitations of poor adsorption and degradation performance of the pristine SBC, it is necessary to modify SBC to improve its applications for antibiotics removal. The maximum antibiotic removal capacity of modified SBC could reach 1346.55 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms between modified SBC and antibiotics mainly involve π-π interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and charge dipole interactions. In addition, the modified SBC could completely degrade antibiotics within 6 min by activating oxidants, such as PS, PDS, H2O2, and O3. The mechanisms of antibiotic degradation by SBC activated oxidants mainly include free radicals (including SO4•-, •OH, and O2•-) and non-free radical pathway (such as, 1O2, electrons transfer, and surface-confined reaction). Although SBC and modified SBC have demonstrated excellent performance in removing antibiotics, they still face some challenges in practical applications, such as poor stability, high cost, and difficulties in recycling. Therefore, the further research directions and trends for the development of SBC and biochar-based materials should be taken into consideration. 

Straw-derived biochar for the removal of antibiotics from water: Adsorption and degradation mechanisms, recent advancements and challenges.

Intensive cultivation of agricultural soils causes soil degradation which emphasizes the need for sustainable soil management. Biochar, a pyrolysed carbon rich material has gained great interests among the researchers because of its eco-friendly benefits in addition to soil quality enhancement. Reviews on biochar, mainly confined to its environmental benefits like carbon sequestration and climate change. In this review, we summarize i) the effect of biochar application on soil properties (physical, chemical, biological), ii) remediation potential of biochar in heavy metal contaminated soils and iii) its impact on crop productivity. The properties of biochar like pH, greater surface area, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient content positively influences the soil properties and ultimately improves the soil fertility. Their effectiveness depends on biochar type, its dosage, soil type, etc. General trends from this review indicated that biochar as an effective amendment in acid soils than the alkaline or calcareous soils. Furthermore, the biochar effects are studied mostly under controlled conditions in laboratory, which needs to be validated under field conditions having varied soil types and agro-climatic zones.

/pdf/a-review-on-biochars-effect-on-soil-properties-and-crop-15sx93w4.pdf

A review on biochar’s effect on soil properties and crop growth

Saline-sodic soil is one of the major threats to crop growth, production, and quality. Biochar amendment could alleviate the adverse impacts of saline-sodic stress in crops. However, the effect of biochar on root morphological, root physiological functions, and rice yield in saline-sodic paddy soil has not been studied. Here, the underlying mechanisms of positive effects in morphological characteristics and physiological functions of rice roots under heavily saline-sodic paddy soil amended with biochar were evaluated. The soil was amended with biochar at zero-biochar (CK), 15g kg-1 soil (T1), 30 g kg-1 soil (T2), or 45 g kg-1 soil (T3). Biochar addition significantly increased root length, root volume, root dry weight, and root-shoot ratio at all growth stages. The root absorption vigor and root oxidization capacity were enhanced and increased significantly by decreasing Na+/K+ ratio, MDA content, and increasing K+ concentration in rice root after biochar amendment. The root bleeding rate of biochar treatments at different growth stage were 11.01% to 67.73% greater than these of CK. The yield of rice was increased significantly under saline-sodic paddy soil after biochar amendment. It was concluded that biochar had positive effect on the morphological characteristics and physiological functions in rice roots in saline-sodic paddy soil.

https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/BioRes_17_1_1241_Jin_Biochar_Rice_Yield_Root_Morphol_Physiology_Paddy_Soil_19535.pdf

Biochar increases rice yield by improving root morphological and root physiological functions in heavily saline-sodic paddy soil of Northeast China

In view of the risks induced by the inhibitory effects of applying impracticably large amounts of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) to the alkaline soil, this field study investigated the influence of moderate biochar amendments (0, 1500, 4500, and 9000 kg/hm2) on corn growth, alkaline soil properties, and the uptake of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The results showed that applying more SSB would decrease the ammonium nitrogen concentration and increase the available phosphorus and potassium concentrations, which inhibited corn plant growth because of high background nutrient levels of the alkaline soil. When the alkaline soil was amended with 1500 kg/hm2 SSB, the dry weight of 100 niblets increased from 32.11 g in the control to 35.07 g. There was no significant variation in the total concentration of PTEs in the soil. The concentrations of Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn in niblets decreased from 5.54, 0.83, 2.26, and 27.15 mg/kg in the control to 4.47, 0.62, 1.30, and 23.45 mg/kg, respectively. Accordingly, the health risk from corn consumption was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the combination of SSB and fertilizer improved corn growth and reduced the risk of consumption of PTEs. Therefore, considering the increase in corn fruit yield and the decrease in consumption risk, applying 1500 kg/hm2 of biochar to alkaline soils is a realistically achievable rate, which can broaden the utilization of SSB for remediation of different types of soil.

/pdf/moderate-sewage-sludge-biochar-application-on-alkaline-soil-2dd0xl25mf.pdf

Moderate sewage sludge biochar application on alkaline soil for corn growth: a field study

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of biochar loading level on soybean growth and physico-chemical properties of alkaline soil. Biochar derived from corn straw was mixed with alkaline soil at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% loading levels and exposed to the natural elements. Soybean was used as the test crop. The results indicated that a single application of biochar positively and significantly improved soybean productivity and quality attributes of the tested alkaline soil. Soybean yield peaked at 5% loading level, but it declined at 10% loading. Applications of biochar at 5% and 10% loading significantly increased total soil porosity by 4.14% and 5.09%, and decreased the soil pH value by 0.07 and 0.24 units, respectively. Biochar addition significantly increased water holding capacity, total organic carbon content, total nitrogen, Olsen-P, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity. The results indicated that applications of corn straw biochar to alkaline soil improved soybean growth and promoted the physico-chemical properties of alkaline soil. However, the negative effects of increased C:N ratios and soil exchange sodium percentages at higher biochar loading levels should be taken into account when applying biochar as amendments to alkaline soils.

pdf/effects-of-corn-straw-biochar-application-on-soybean-growth-2b2k754546.pdf

Effects of Corn Straw Biochar Application on Soybean Growth and Alkaline Soil Properties

The invention relates to a wide-ridge platform Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek cultivation method, and belongs to the Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek cultivation technical field; the method comprises the following steps: autumn ploughing and ridging, building furrows on two sides of the ridge, building a ridge platform for the ridge, respectively deep ploughing the furrows and the ridge platform middle portion, using the field surface before ridging as reference, the furrow subsoiling depth is 30-40cm, and the ridge platform middle subsoiling depth is 15-30cm; applying base fertilizer in middle of the ridge platform in soil preparation; applying seed manure under sowing positions; sowing Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek on the ridge platform in 3 lines, forming 3 seedling strips, wherein the sowing line space is 25-30cm, and the Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek variety is an erection or semiprostrate lodging resistance high yield Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek kinds; respectively applying additional fertilizer outside the seedling strips on the left and right sides of the ridge, and applying additional fertilizer under the ridge platform. The cultivation method combines subsoiling, sowing with fertilizer application, is good in permeability and strong in stress resistance, thus improving Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek colony photosynthesis production efficiency and fertilizer utilization rate, and realizing Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek highyield high-quality high efficiency production.

Wide-ridge platform Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek cultivation method

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Effects of Corn Straw Biochar Application on Soybean Growth and Alkaline Soil Properties

Wide-ridge platform Vigna radiate L.Wilclzek cultivation method