United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Center for Materials in Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes (CMIME) (Award 2008LANL1026)

The role of interface structure in controlling high helium concentrations

Ion irradiation offers a promising strategy to emulate the irradiation damage induced by energetic neutrons. However, the characterization of the mechanical properties of ion-irradiated materials is not easy considering the limited irradiation depth and inhomogeneous distribution of irradiation-induced defects. Over the last decades, nano-indentation has been recognized as a valid technique to investigate the localized mechanical responses at micro-scale. Therefore, the combination of ion irradiation and nano-indentation has been extensively developed in recent years to study the mechanical behaviors of nuclear structural materials with irradiation effect. In this review, current developments of experimental observations, numerical simulations and theoretical models are summarized concerning both microstructural evolution and macroscopic deformation. Corresponding analysis and discussion could help obtain a sophisticated comprehension of the fundamental deformation mechanisms resulting in mechanical degradation of ion-irradiated materials, and further assist the development of next-generation nuclear structural materials.

Nano-indentation of ion-irradiated nuclear structural materials: A review

Defects evolution and hardening in the Hastelloy N alloy by subsequent Xe and He ions irradiation

Irradiation hardening of ODS ferritic steels after multi-energy He-ion implantation, or after irradiation with energetic heavy ions including Xe and Bi-ions was investigated with nano-indentation technique. Three kinds of high-Cr ODS ferritic steels including the commercial MA956 (19Cr-3.5Al), the 16Cr-0.1Ti and the 16Cr-3.5Al-0.1Zr were used. Data of nano-hardness were analyzed with an approach based on Nix-Gao model. The depth profiles of nano-hardness can be understood by the indentation size effect (ISE) in specimens of MA956 implanted with multi-energy He-ions or irradiated with 328 MeV Xe ions, which produced a plateau damage profile in the near-surface region. However, the damage gradient overlaps the ISE in the specimens irradiated with 9.45 Bi ions. The dose dependence of the nano-hardness shows a rapid increase at low doses and a slowdown at higher doses. An 112-power law dependence on dpa level is obtained. The discrepancy in nano-hardness between the helium implantation and Xe-ion irradiation can be understood by using the average damage level instead of the peak dpa level. Helium-implantation to a high dose (7400 appm/0.5 dpa) causes an additional hardening, which is possibly attributed to the impediment of motion dislocations by helium bubbles formed in high concentration in specimens. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Irradiation hardening of ODS ferritic steels under helium implantation

Excellent irradiation tolerance and mechanical behaviors in high-entropy metallic glasses

The irradiation hardening of Ni-Mo-Cr and Ni-W-Cr alloy was investigated. 7 MeV Xe26+ ion irradiation was performed at room temperature and 650 °C with peak damage dose from 0.05 to 10 dpa. With the increase of damage dose, the hardness of Ni-Mo-Cr and Ni-W-Cr alloy increases, and reaches saturation at damage dose ≥1 dpa. Moreover, the damage dose dependence of hardness in both alloys can be described by the Makin and Minter’s equation, where the effective critical volume of obstacles can be used to represent irradiation hardening resistance of the alloys. Our results also show that Ni-W-Cr alloy has better irradiation hardening resistance than Ni-Mo-Cr alloy. This is ascribed to the fact that the W, instead of Mo in the alloy, can suppress the formation of defects under ion irradiation.

The irradiation hardening of Ni-Mo-Cr and Ni-W-Cr alloy under Xe26+ ion irradiation

The behavior of helium atoms in He+ ion implanted W/Ni bilayer nanocomposite

Tuning the strain rate sensitivity and ductility of Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5 metallic glass by He+ ion irradiation

Numerous studies pay more attention to the heterophase interfaces of nanocomposites due to their effective sinks for radiation-induced point defects and traps for helium. An amorphous structure with excessive free volume also possesses high He solubility and irradiation resistance, but its effect on helium irradiation of the nanocomposites is not clear. Here, the helium irradiation effect of a crystalline/amorphous/crystalline sandwich structured W/Amorphous/Cu nanocomposite (W/A/Cu) is investigated. The results show that helium swelling resistance of a W/A/Cu nanocomposite is enhanced after introducing an amorphous layer due to strong sink strength of the crystalline/amorphous-W(Cu)/A interface and high He solubility of amorphous layers. This result sheds light on the design of radiation-tolerant materials for advanced nuclear reactor applications.

Nano-amorphous layers improve the helium swelling resistance of a CAC-type nanocomposite

Defects Controlled Rejuvenation in the Zr47.5cu47.5al5 Metallic Glass

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