Plasmonic nanocavities are able to engineer and confine electromagnetic fields to subwavelength volumes. In the past decade, they have enabled a large set of applications, in particular for sensing, optical trapping, and the investigation of physical and chemical phenomena at a few or single-molecule levels. This extreme sensitivity is possible thanks to the highly confined local field intensity enhancement, which depends on the geometry of plasmonic nanocavities. Indeed, suitably designed structures providing engineered local optical fields lead to enhanced optical sensing based on different phenomena such as surface enhanced Raman scattering, fluorescence, and Forster resonance energy transfer. In this mini-review, we illustrate the most recent results on plasmonic nanocavities, with specific emphasis on the detection of single molecules.

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Recent advances in plasmonic nanocavities for single-molecule spectroscopy

Plasmon–Exciton Interactions: Spontaneous Emission and Strong Coupling

Because of their atomic-layer thickness, direct band gap, mechanical robustness, and other superior properties, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers are considered as an attractive alt...

WS2 Monolayers Coupled to Hyperbolic Metamaterial Nanoantennas: Broad Implications for Light–Matter-Interaction Applications

Manipulating the light emission direction and boosting its directivity have essential importance in integrated nanophotonic devices Here, we theoretically propose a single dielectric silicon nanoblock as an efficient, multifunctional and ultracompact all-dielectric nanoantenna to direct light into a preferential direction Unidirectional scattering of a plane wave as well as switchable directive emission fed by a localized emitter are demonstrated within the nanoantenna The high directionalities are revealed to originate from a variety of mechanisms that can coexist within a single nanoblock, which contribute to the far-field radiation patterns of the outcoming light, thanks to the wealth of multipolar electric and magnetic resonances The efficient beam redirections are also observed, which are sensitive to the local configurations of the emitter antenna coupled system The designed antenna, with extreme geometry simplicity, ultracompact and low-loss features, could be favorable for highly sensitive sensing as well as applications in optical nanocircuits

/pdf/subwavelength-silicon-nanoblocks-for-directional-emission-28pq4v8m9a.pdf

Subwavelength Silicon Nanoblocks for Directional Emission Manipulation.

This work reports the design, simulation, and fabrication of a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) nanohole array structure toward a realization of a refractive index biosensor. The MDM nanohole array structure operating near the UV range consists of a subwavelength hole array inscribed through the upper aluminum (Al) layer positioned on a stack of a thin silica (SiO2) spacer and an Al mirror on a silicon substrate. The quality factor of the resonance at ∼390nm of the present nanostructure is ∼1.5times higher than the previous result owing to the larger fill factor of Al material on the upper layer. This means at the UV range, the designed nanohole array structure closely resembles the dielectric gratings in the visible range. At resonance, we numerically observed a strong confinement of incident light localized inside the subwavelength apertures and the SiO2 spacer, and thus high absorption and directive emission of up to 99% and ∼8.0deg, respectively. The MDM nanohole array structure has been fabricated by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition combining with the focused ion beam, and its reflection experiments are in good agreement with the finite-difference time-domain simulation results. The proposed MDM nanohole array structure can be applicable for a wide variety of plasmonic sensing, in particular for refractive index biosensors. Because of working in the near-UV range, this refractive index biosensor shows the figure of merit to have a selectivity that is ∼4.0times higher than that of other established plasmonic MDM biosensors.

Refractive index biosensing using near-UV metal–dielectric–metal nanostructured arrays: fabrication and simulation

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have intrinsic spin-valley degrees of freedom, making it appealing to exploit valleytronic and optoelectronic applications at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate that a chiral plasmonic antenna consisting of two stacked gold nanorods can modulate strongly valley-polarized photoluminescence (PL) of monolayer MoS2 in a broad spectral range at room temperature. The valley-polarized PL of the MoS2 using the antenna can reach up to ~47%, with approximately three orders of PL magnitude enhancement within the plasmonic nanogap. Besides, the K and K' valleys under opposite circularly polarized light excitation exhibit different emission intensities and directivities in the far field, which can be attributed to the modulation of the valley-dependent excitons by the chiral antenna in both the excitation and emission processes. The distinct features of the ultracompact hybrid suggest potential applications for valleytronic and photonic devices, chiral quantum optics, and high-sensitivity detection.

Steering valley-polarized emission of monolayer MoS 2 sandwiched in plasmonic antennas

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Steering valley-polarized emission of monolayer MoS 2 sandwiched in plasmonic antennas