Plant-associated microbes play important roles in plant health and disease. Mortierella is often found in the plant rhizosphere, and its possible functions are not well known, especially in medical plants. Mortierella alpina isolated from ginseng soil was used to investigate its effects on plant disease. The promoting properties and interactions with rhizospheric microorganisms were investigated in a medium. Further, a pot experiment was conducted to explore its effects on ginseng root rot disease. Physicochemical properties, high-throughput sequencing, network co-occurrence, distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA), and correlation analysis were used to evaluate their effects on the root rot pathogen. The results showed that Mortierella alpina YW25 had a high indoleacetic acid production capacity, and the maximum yield was 141.37 mg/L at 4 days. The growth of M. alpina YW25 was inhibited by some probiotics (Bacillus, Streptomyces, Brevibacterium, Trichoderma, etc.) and potential pathogens (Cladosporium, Aspergillus, etc.), but it did not show sensitivity to the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Pot experiments showed that M. alpina could significantly alleviate the diseases caused by F. oxysporum, and increased the available nitrogen and phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil. In addition, it enhanced the activities of soil sucrase and acid phosphatase. High-throughput results showed that the inoculation of M. alpina with F. oxysporum changed the microbial community structure of ginseng, stimulated the plant to recruit more plant growth-promoting bacteria, and constructed a more stable microbial network of ginseng root. In this study, we found and proved the potential of M. alpina as a biocontrol agent against F. oxysporum, providing a new idea for controlling soil-borne diseases of ginseng by regulating rhizosphere microorganisms.

/pdf/regulating-root-fungal-community-using-mortierella-alpina-1cxux1c4.pdf

Regulating Root Fungal Community Using Mortierella alpina for Fusarium oxysporum Resistance in Panax ginseng

Soil pH has cascading effects on terrestrial ecosystem functions by regulating the biogeochemical cycle, which can be altered by plant invasion. Bamboo invasion occurs throughout the world in both native and introduced habitats, especially in Asia. However, the effect of bamboo invasion on soil pH is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the invasion-induced change in pH (CIP) with pairwise sampling from 215 bamboo-tree transects in subtropical China, including 203 pure bamboo forest (BF) plots, 188 mixed bamboo-tree forest (MBTF) plots and 199 non-bamboo-invaded tree forest (TF) plots. We found a significant increase in soil pH after bamboo invasion from 4.44 (±0.03) in TFs to 4.52 (±0.03) in MBTFs and 4.67 (±0.03) in BFs. The CIP was related to the invaded forest type, with the largest changes in deciduous broadleaf (0.38 ± 0.09) and mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forests (0.38 ± 0.10), followed by mixed needleleaf and broadleaf forests (0.24 ± 0.05), and the smallest changes in evergreen broadleaf (0.19 ± 0.03) and needleleaf forests (0.20 ± 0.03). Further analysis showed that the CIP increased linearly with invasive bamboo density and was independent of climate factors. Overall, we provide the first evidence of a large-scale observation for bamboo invasion-induced forest soil pH increase. Our findings highlight that plant invasion should not be neglected as a driver of global change via its effects on soil pH. 

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) invasion increases forest soil pH in subtropical China

Transgenic soybean of GsMYB10 shapes rhizosphere microbes to promote resistance to aluminum (Al) toxicity

Moso bamboo invasion changes the assembly process and interactive relationship of soil microbial communities in a subtropical broadleaf forest

Understanding microbial communities associated with bulk and rhizosphere soils will benefit the maintenance of forest health and productivity and the sustainable development of forest ecosystems. Based on MiSeq sequencing, we explored the differences between the bulk soil and the rhizosphere soil on bacterial and fungal communities of pecan plantation. Results suggested that rhizosphere-associated fungal rather than bacterial community structures differed from bulk soil, and rhizosphere soil had lower fungal diversity than bulk soil. Actinobacteria and Cantharellales were the bacterial and fungal biomarkers of the rhizosphere soil of pecan plantation, respectively. In addition, Pleosporales, which are mainly involved in saprophylaxis and plant pathogenic processes, was identified as one of the most important fungal biomarkers for the bulk soil, and the FunGuild predicted a higher relative abundance of pathogenic fungi in bulk soil compared to rhizosphere soil. The pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and total carbon (TC) contents drove microbial community structure and composition. The bacterial network was simpler in the rhizosphere soil than in the bulk soil. However, fungi showed the opposite network pattern. Keystone species in bacterial and fungal networks were mostly involved in nutrient cycling and the C cycling, and were found to be enriched in the rhizosphere soil. Overall, in terms of bacterial and fungal communities, the rhizosphere soil behaves more healthily than the bulk soil and has a higher potential for nutrient cycling.

/pdf/a-stronger-rhizosphere-impact-on-the-fungal-communities-16e59u4u.pdf

A Stronger Rhizosphere Impact on the Fungal Communities Compared to the Bacterial Communities in Pecan Plantations

Moso bamboo invasion has contrasting effects on soil bacterial and fungal abundances, co-occurrence networks and their associations with enzyme activities in three broadleaved forests across subtropical China

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Moso bamboo invasion has contrasting effects on soil bacterial and fungal abundances, co-occurrence networks and their associations with enzyme activities in three broadleaved forests across subtropical China