During the past few decades, the research on persistent luminescent materials has focused mainly on Eu2+-doped compounds. However, the yearly number of publications on non-Eu2+-based materials has also increased steadily. By now, the number of known persistent phosphors has increased to over 200, of which over 80% are not based on Eu2+, but rather, on intrinsic host defects, transition metals (manganese, chromium, copper, etc.) or trivalent rare earths (cerium, terbium, dysprosium, etc.). In this review, we present an overview of these non-Eu2+-based persistent luminescent materials and their afterglow properties. We also take a closer look at some remaining challenges, such as the excitability with visible light and the possibility of energy transfer between multiple luminescent centers. Finally, we summarize the necessary elements for a complete description of a persistent luminescent material, in order to allow a more objective comparison of these phosphors.

/pdf/persistent-luminescence-in-non-eu2-doped-compounds-a-review-54ofy0pdn0.pdf

Persistent Luminescence in Non-Eu2+-Doped Compounds: A Review.

Tuning of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for photocatalysis: A critical review

Due to its chemical/thermal stability, metal-free nature, abundance, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, high surface area, tunable properties, and ease of synthesis, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising material for applications in catalysis, sensing, energy storage and optoelectronics. By virtue of its optical band gap, g-C3N4 has been extensively used to drive a range of photocatalytic reactions, such as H2 generation, CO2 reduction, N2 fixation, and organic transformation, to name a few. Despite these prospects, significant improvement in extending its optical absorption is essential because g-C3N4 absorbs light only up to 460 nm (≈10% of the incoming sunlight). Thus, reducing its band gap to harness a wider part of the sunlight is a key approach to advancing the solar energy conversion efficiency of g-C3N4. In this direction, the effect of (i) improving the degree of polymerization, (ii) molecular and elemental doping, (iii) distorting planar structure, (iv) inducing nitrogen vacancies, and (v) tuning the C/N ratio of g-C3N4 on red-shifting the optical absorption is analyzed in detail. A comprehensive correlation between the synthesis approach/conditions–structure–optical property is established. Rational guidelines on extending the spectral response of g-C3N4 toward the visible/near-infrared region and using low-energy photons to drive photocatalytic reactions efficiently are detailed. The insights presented will help to utilize the full potential of g-C3N4 to enhance the solar fuel generation efficiency and in understanding the mechanism of light absorption. 

Extending the Optical Absorption Limit of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts: A Review

In this work, 0.75 wt ‰ 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride (PDA) as a novel dopant was utilized to obtain modified graphitic carbon nitride with ultratrace doping (3MCN-PDA3) by facile thermal polymerization. Characterization of the microstructure, surface state, and porosity properties of the samples indicated that 3MCN-PDA3 has a thinner sheet-like, larger-scale, and tighter lamellar stacking structure than that of pristine graphitic carbon nitride (3MCN). Based on photo/electrochemical analysis, the PDA dopant formed an extended coplanar conjugated system by anhydride-amine thermal condensation with heptazine rings, and the channels of amide covalent bonds and superconjugation of the solitary pair of electrons of the nitrogen atoms of PDA synergistically promoted the charge transport performance of 3MCN-PDA3. Under visible light, the photodegradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) over 3MCN-PDA3 reached 92.4% in 60 min and realized almost entire removal in 200 min (99.2%), 1.43 times that of 3MCN. Furthermore, the experimental results and generalized density theory calculations confirmed that PDA acts as an intermediate molecular island and constructs an efficient carrier transfer pathway between different heptazine units. The results indicate that PDA is a promising candidate to enhance the charge transfer performance through ultratrace doping in the large-scale preparation and application of the graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst.

Ultratrace Aromatic Anhydride Dopant as Intermediate Island to Promote Charge Transfer of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B.

Glowing combustion synthesis, characterization and biomedical properties of Sr-hardystonite (Sr2ZnSi2O7) powders

In this paper, a novel pristine carbon nitride (np-CN) with hollow capsule-like morphology was facilely prepared by thermal polymerization of melamine and cyanuric chloride at 550 ℃ in the air...

Modified on graphite carbon nitride by adding ultramicro amount of triaminotriphenylamine for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

A novel red long persistent phosphor of Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu3+, Lu3+ was successfully synthesized with sol–gel method. Its properties were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), luminescence, afterglow decay curves and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra. The red phosphor showed one emission peak at 616.9nm, which is attributed to the typical 5D0–7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions as luminescent centers in Sr2ZnSi2O7 host. Lu3+ as a sensitized ion played an important role in enhancing the long afterglow performance of Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu3+, Lu3+. Under UV light irradiation, this phosphor showed obvious red long-lasting phosphorescence that can be clearly seen with naked eyes in a dark room for over 20s after the irradiation source has been removed. Thermoluminescence (TL) measurement showed that Lu3+ co-dopan can reduce the trap depth of the title phosphor to obtain suitable ones.

Synthesis of a New Red Long Persistent Phosphor Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu3+, Lu3+ via Sol–Gel Method and Investigation of its Luminescence

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Modified on graphite carbon nitride by adding ultramicro amount of triaminotriphenylamine for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Synthesis of a New Red Long Persistent Phosphor Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu3+, Lu3+ via Sol–Gel Method and Investigation of its Luminescence