Flexible scintillator screens with environmental stability, high sensitivity, and low cost have emerged as candidates for X‐ray imaging applications. Here, a large‐scale and cost‐efficient solution synthesis of the vacancy‐ordered double perovskite Cs2ZrCl6, which is characterized by thermal activation delayed fluorescence (TADF) dominated by triplet emission under X‐ray irradiation, is demonstrated. The large Stokes shift and efficient luminescence collection of TADF effectively ensure the light outcoupling efficiency. Further, flexible X‐ray scintillator screens with an area of 400 cm2 are prepared using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as the carrier, exhibiting excellent scintillation properties with light yields as high as 49 400 photons MeV−1, spatial resolutions up to 18 lp mm−1 and detection limits as low as 65 nGy s−1. Finally, the high‐quality imaging results of non‐planar and dynamic objects by such screens are demonstrated. It is believed that the explored Cs2ZrCl6@PDMS flexible scintillator screens would offer a big step toward expanding the application range of scintillators in different environments.

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Zirconium‐Based Perovskites for Large‐Area and Ultraflexible X‐ray Scintillator Screens

Scintillators with high light yield, low detection limit, large X‐ray attenuation efficiency as well as stable and nontoxic compositions are of great importance for radiation detection applications. Here, 0D (C8H20N)2Cu2Br4 single crystals are obtained and show blue emission peaking at 468 nm with a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 99.7%, a large Stokes shift of 148 nm (i.e., negligible self‐absorption), and a good environmental stability along with strong X‐ray absorption capability. Moreover, a high light yield of up to ≈ 91 300 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 52.1 nGyair s−1 are realized, which is more than one hundred times lower than the dose rate of 5.5 µGyair s−1 required for X‐ray medical diagnostics. (C8H20N)2Cu2Br4 ceramic wafer scintillation screen is fabricated by a cold pressing sintering process, and the clear contrast images of opaque metal box and electronic component with a spatial resolution of 9.54 lp mm−1 are realized. This study not only designs a new lead‐free metal halide scintillator, but also develops a universal strategy for the preparation of large‐sized scintillator screen in nondestructive X‐ray imaging.

Ceramic Wafer Scintillation Screen by Utilizing Near‐Unity Blue‐Emitting Lead‐Free Metal Halide (C8H20N)2Cu2Br4

Zero-dimensional (0D) metal halides have drawn increasing attention due to the attractive structure dependent photoluminescence (PL) properties. Here, we report two new 0D organic-inorganic hybrid Sb-based halides, (MTP)6SbBr6Sb2Br9·H2O (MTP = Methyltriphenylphosphonium, crystal 1) and (MTP)2SbBr5 (crystal 2), featuring a reversible structural phase transformation and tunable orange and red emissions upon dehydration and rehydration of H2O molecules. Intriguingly, a subsequent heat treatment further enables the formation of glassy state (MTP)2SbBr5 (glass 3) with near-infrared luminescence, moreover, a sequential reverse phase transformation from glass 3 to crystal 2 and 1 is triggered by acetonitrile and water vapor stepwise. The anti-counterfeiting demo based on the tunable and reversible PL switching is finally achieved and thus the phase structure engineering in 0D metal halides expands their multiple applications in optical fields.

Sequential and Reversible Phase Transformations in Zero-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Sb-based Halides towards Multiple Emissions.

Copper-based halide scintillators have attracted considerable interest because of their high light yields, low detection limits, low toxicity, and moderate fabrication conditions. Here, we synthesized two Cu(I) iodide inks, comprising zero-dimensional Cu4I6(L1)2 nanoparticles (L1 = 1-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) and one-dimensional Cu4I6(L2)2 nanorods (L2 = 4-dimethylamino-1-ethylpyridinium) for X-ray imaging application. The Cu4I6(L1)2 nanoparticles and Cu4I6(L2)2 nanorods exhibited broadband green and yellow emission with an ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield of 95.3% and 92.2%, respectively. Consequently, the two Cu(I) iodide ink-based X-ray screens exhibited low detection limits of 96.4 and 102.1 nGy s–1, respectively, which are approximately 55 times lower than the dose required for standard medical diagnosis (5.5 μGy s–1). Importantly, both the scintillation screens exhibited extraordinary X-ray imaging resolutions exceeding 30 lp mm–1, more than double those of the conventional CsI:Tl and Ga2O2S:Tb scintillators. This study provides a new avenue for exploring high-resolution X-ray imaging screens on the basis of Cu-based halide ink for medical radiography and nondestructive detection. 

Copper Iodide Inks for High-Resolution X-ray Imaging Screens

Perovskite–organic tandem solar cells

Scintillators are critical in medical imaging, non‐destructive security screening, and space exploration applications. However, it still remains a challenge to achieve large‐area and high‐transparency scintillators by a low‐cost and easy‐to‐implement way. Herein, a large transparent medium with a diameter over 10 cm is prepared via a facile melt‐quenching strategy using a stoichiometric mixture of ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (ETPBr) and MnBr2 as raw materials. Benefiting from the crystallization behavior of high‐efficiency green‐emitting (ETP)2MnBr4 nanocrystals hybridized with amorphous phase in the transparent wafer, the (ETP)2MnBr4‐based transparent medium as a scintillator evidences a high transparency (over 80%, ranging from 500 to 800 nm), a high light yield of ≈35 000 ± 2000 photon per MeV, a low detection limit of 103 nGy S–1, and a competitive spatial resolution of 13.4 lp mm–1 for X‐ray imaging. This work offers a distinctive simple and fast melt‐quenching methodology to fabricate (ETP)2MnBr4 metal halide X‐ray scintillator wafer with large‐area and shape flexibility, excellent transparency, and high scintillation performance for the medical or industrial X‐ray imaging application.

Zero‐Dimensional Luminescent Metal Halide Hybrids Enabling Bulk Transparent Medium as Large‐Area X‐Ray Scintillators

Monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (POTSCs) have significant advantages in next‐generation flexible photovoltaics, owing to their capability to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit and facile device integration. However, the compromised sub‐cells performance challenges the fabrication of high‐efficiency POTSCs. Especially for all‐inorganic wide‐bandgap perovskite front sub‐cells (AIWPSCs) based n‐i‐p structured POTSCs (AIPOTSCs), for which the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is much lower than organic–inorganic mixed‐halide wide‐bandgap perovskite based POTSCs. Herein, an ionic liquid, methylammonium formate (MAFm), based dual‐interface engineering approach is developed to modify the bottom and top interfaces of wide‐bandgap CsPbI2Br films. In particular, the Fm− group of MAFm can effectively passivate the interface defects, and the top interface modification can facilitate the formation of uniform perovskite films with enlarged grain size, thereby mitigating the defects and perovskite grain boundaries induced carrier recombination. As a result, CsPbI2Br‐based AIWPSCs with a high PCE of 17.0% and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.347 V are achieved. By integrating these dual‐interface engineered CsPbI2Br‐based front sub‐cells with the narrow‐bandgap PM6:CH1007‐based rear sub‐cells, a record PCE of 23.21% is obtained for AIPOTSCs, illustrating the potential of AIPOTSCs for achieving high‐efficiency tandem solar cells.

All‐Inorganic Perovskite‐Based Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells with 23.21% Efficiency by Dual‐Interface Engineering

• SnO 2 nanorods grow vertically into bundles on the surface of carbon paper. • Pd particles were modified on the top of SnO 2 nanorods to a multistage 3D structure. • The Pd/SnO 2 /CP electrode exhibited an excellent mass normalized activity. • The fuel cell with Pd/SnO 2 /CP as cathode shows a preferable performance. The free-standing Pd/SnO 2 /CP electrodes are prepared by a simple hydrothermal process combined with electrodeposition. The morphology of SnO 2 nanorods is readily optimized by tuning the holding time of the tin precursor. With a holding time of 20 min , the quadrangular prism of SnO 2 nanorods grows into bundles vertically on the surface of carbon paper. Pd nanoparticles are modified on the top of SnO 2 nanorods, showing excellent mass normalized activity(8885 A g Pd -1 ) owing to the corresponding low Pd loadings. The Mg-H 2 O 2 semi-fuel cell with Pd/SnO 2 /CP as cathode displays a high peak power density(192 mW cm −2 at 60 °C) and excellent stability during the discharge process of 50 h. The microscopic 3D structure constructed by SnO 2 interlayer growing on carbon paper accelerates the electrolyte delivery. The synergistic effect between SnO 2 and Pd ensures the efficient utilization of Pd and provides more Pd active sites for enhancing the electrode performance further. 

Free-standing Pd/SnO2/CP cathode for high-efficiency magnesium-hydrogen peroxide semi-fuel cell

Oxygen sensitive electrospun nanofibers doped with rare earth complexes: Characterization and performance

Electric field induced degradation in sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes

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