The key limiting factors in the treatment of low C/N micropolluted water bodies are deficient essential electron donors for nitrogen removal processes. An iron/activated carbon aquagel (IACA) was synthesized as a slowly released inorganic electron donor to enhance aerobic denitrification performance in low C/N micropolluted water treatment. The denitrification efficiency in IACA reactors was enhanced by more than 56.72% and the highest of 94.12% was accomplished compared with those of the control reactors. Moreover, the CODMn removal efficiency improved by more than 34.32% in IACA reactors. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing consequence explained that the denitrifying bacteria with facultative denitrification, iron oxidation, and iron reduction function were located in the dominant species niches in the IACA reactors (e.g., Pseudomonas, Leptothrix, and Comamonas). The diversity and richness of the denitrifying bacterial communities were enhanced in the IACA reactors. Network analysis indicated that aerobic denitrifying bacterial consortia in IACA reactors presented a more complicated co-occurrence structure. The IACA reactors presented the potential for long-term denitrification operation. This study affords a pathway to utilize IACA, promoting aerobic denitrification during low C/N micropolluted water body treatment.

Aerobic Denitrification Enhanced by Immobilized Slow-Released Iron/Activated Carbon Aquagel Treatment of Low C/N Micropolluted Water: Denitrification Performance, Denitrifying Bacterial Community Co-occurrence, and Implications.

Novel nanozyme Ag/Fe3O4@h-BN with peroxidase-mimicking and oxidase-mimicking activities for dye degradation, As(V) removal and detection

Seasonal dynamics and co-existence patterns of phytoplankton and micro-eukaryotes in a temperate drinking water reservoir.

Bacterial dynamics of drinking water pipeline: A new perspective on dual effects of stagnation and algal organic matter

Understanding the biofilm microbiome and antibiotic resistome evolution in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) is crucial to ensure the safety of drinking water. We explored the 10 month evolution of the microbial community, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile gene elements (MGEs) co-existing with ARGs and pathogenic ARG hosts, and the ARG driving factors in DWDS biofilms using metagenomics assembly. Sampling season was critical in determining the microbial community and antibiotic resistome shift. Pseudomonas was the primary biofilm colonizer, and biofilms diversified more as the formation time increased. Most genera tended to cooperate to adapt to an oligotrophic environment with disinfectant stress. Biofilm microbial community and antibiotic resistome assembly were mainly determined by stochastic processes and changed with season. Metagenome assembly provided the occurrence and fates of MGEs co-existing with ARGs and ARG hosts in DWDS biofilms. The abundance of ARG- and MGE-carrying pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was high in summer. It primarily harbored the aph(3)-IIb, multidrug transporter, smeD, and metallo-beta-lactamase ARGs, which were transferred via recombination. The microbial community was the most crucial factor driving the antibiotic resistance shift. We provide novel insights about the evolution of pathogens and ARGs and their correlations in DWDS biofilms to ensure the safety of drinking water.

Seasonality Determines the Variations of Biofilm Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistome in a Pilot-Scale Chlorinated Drinking Water Distribution System Deciphered by Metagenome Assembly.

Background Flooding is a major stress factor impacting watermelon growth and production globally. Metabolites play a crucial role in coping with both biotic and abiotic stresses. Methods In this study, diploid (2X) and triploid (3X) watermelons were investigated to determine their flooding tolerance mechanisms by examining physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes at different stages. Metabolite quantification was done using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and a total of 682 metabolites were detected. Results The results showed that 2X watermelon leaves had lower chlorophyll content and fresh weights compared to 3X. The activities of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), were higher in 3X than in 2X. 3X watermelon leaves showed lower O2 production rates, MDA, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in response to flooding, while higher ethylene production was observed. 3X had higher levels of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and ascorbic acid + dehydrogenase (AsA + DHA), but both 2X and 3X showed a significant decline in the AsA/DHA ratio at later stages of flooding. Among them, 4-guanidinobutyric acid (mws0567), an organic acid, may be a candidate metabolite responsible for flooding tolerance in watermelon and had higher expression levels in 3X watermelon, suggesting that triploid watermelon is more tolerant to flooding. Conclusion This study provides insights into the response of 2X and 3X watermelon to flooding and the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes involved. It will serve as a foundation for future in-depth molecular and genetic studies on flooding response in watermelon.

/pdf/physiological-biochemical-and-metabolic-changes-in-diploid-3thxqprl.pdf

Physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes in diploid and triploid watermelon leaves during flooding

Chloridoideae is one of the largest subfamilies of Poaceae, containing many species of great economic and ecological value; however, phylogenetic relationships among the subtribes and genera of Cynodonteae are controversial. In the present study, we combined 111 plastomes representing all five tribes, including 25 newly sequenced plastomes that are mostly from Cynodonteae. Phylogenetic analyses supported the five monophyletic tribes of Chloridoideae, including Centropodieae, Triraphideae, Eragrostideae, Zoysieae and Cynodonteae. Simultaneously, nine monophyletic lineages were revealed in Cynodonteae: supersubtribe Boutelouodinae, subtribes Tripogoninae, Aeluropodinae, Eleusininae, Dactylocteniinae, supersubtribe Gouiniodinae, Cleistogenes and Orinus, and subtribe Triodiinae. Within the tribe of Cynodonteae, the basal lineage is supersubtribe Boutelouodinae and Tripogoninae is sister to the remaining lineages. The clade formed of Aeluropodinae and Eleusininae is sister to the clade composed of Dactylocteniinae, supersubtribe Gouiniodinae, Cleistogenes and Orinus, and subtribe Triodiinae. The clade comprising Dactylocteniinae and supersubtribe Gouiniodinae is sister to the clade comprising Cleistogenes, Orinus, and Triodiinae. Acrachne is a genus within Eleusininae but not within Dactylocteniinae. Molecular evidence determined that Diplachne is not clustered with Leptochloa, which indicated that Diplachne should not be combined into Leptochloa. Cleistogenes is sister to a clade composed of Orinus and Triodia, whereas the recently proposed subtribe Orininae was not supported. Cynodonteae was estimated to have experienced rapid divergence within a short period, which could be a major obstacle in resolving its phylogenetic relationships. Ancestral state reconstructions of morphological characters showed that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Chloridoideae has a panicle, multiple florets in each spikelet, the peaked type of stomatal subsidiary cells, and a saddle-shaped phytoliths, while the ancestral morphological characters of Cynodonteae are the panicle, peaked type of stomatal subsidiary cells, sharp-cap cell typed and equal-base-cell microhair, and square-shaped phytoliths. Overall, plastome phylogenomics provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and morphological character evolution of Chloridoideae.

/pdf/plastid-phylogenomics-and-morphological-character-evolution-16cwmepg.pdf

Plastid phylogenomics and morphological character evolution of Chloridoideae (Poaceae)

时空特征分析对全面掌握水质变异规律具有重要意义，但现有的水质时空特征分析方法仍存在水质变异次序不分、水质变幅极值不清、水质评价特征值不明等不足。为更加清晰地探析水质时空特征信息，以秦淮河为研究对象，参考工程水文学经验频率法，建立“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线用于探索流域内高/低活动区不同时间段和丰/枯水期不同河段水质变异特征，并与传统的箱线图法进行对比。结果表明：与箱线图相比，“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线可量化关键水质评判点与特征值信息，使水质时空变异过程更为清晰。在时间上“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线的最佳形式为线性曲线，水质浓度一般不会发生突变；在空间上“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线的最佳形式为指数曲线，水质浓度有较大可能发生突增。各时间段高活动区氮磷浓度大于低活动区，各水体断面丰水期氮磷浓度低于枯水期。该方法分析过程简单方便，结果直观有序，能将水质信息以统计规律自动反映出来，在水质采样点、采样时间和采样频率典型时可作为优选方法用于河流水质时空特征研究。;The analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics is of great significance for comprehensively understanding water quality variation. However, the existing temporal and spatial water quality analysis methods still have some shortcomings, such as indistinguishable order of water quality variation, the unclear extreme value of water quality variation, and unclear water quality evaluation characteristic values. To analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics information of water quality more clearly, this study took Qinhuai River as a research object and referred to the empirical frequency method of engineering hydrology. A hydrological frequency-water quality fitting curve was established, which was used to explore the difference between high/low activity areas in different periods and wet/dry seasons in different reaches. The hydrological frequency-water quality fitting curve method was compared with the traditional boxplot method. The results showed that compared with the boxplot, the hydrological frequency-water quality fitting curve could quantify key water quality evaluation points and characteristic value information, making the temporal and spatial variation process of water quality clearer. The best form of the hydrological frequency-water quality fitting curve in time was the line number curve, and the water quality concentration generally did not change abruptly. The best form of the hydrological frequency-water quality fitting curve in space was an exponential curve, and the water quality concentration had sudden increases were more likely. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the high activity area was higher than that in the low activity area during each period, and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wet season of each river section was lower than that in the dry season. The analysis process of this method was simple and convenient, the results were intuitive and orderly, and the water quality information could be automatically reflected by statistical analysis. It could be used as an optimal method to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of river water quality when the sampling points, sampling time and sampling frequency are typical. 

http://www.jlakes.org/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=20230310&flag=1&year_id=2023&quarter_id=3

River water quality variation and grade characteristic values analysis method based on “hydrological frequency-water quality” fitting curves

Stagnation trigger changes to tap water quality in winter season: Novel insights into bacterial community activity and composition.

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Physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes in diploid and triploid watermelon leaves during flooding

Plastid phylogenomics and morphological character evolution of Chloridoideae (Poaceae)

River water quality variation and grade characteristic values analysis method based on “hydrological frequency-water quality” fitting curves

Stagnation trigger changes to tap water quality in winter season: Novel insights into bacterial community activity and composition.