Concrete hydration heat inhibitor can inhibit the early hydration reaction of concrete and reduce the initial heat release of concrete. However, there is no in-depth research on the effect of hydration heat inhibitor on hydraulic structures with different thicknesses and constraints. In this paper, numerical simulation is used to study the change of temperature and stress field after adding hydration heat inhibitor by establishing the finite element models of tunnel lining, sluice, and gravity dam. The results show that the effect of the hydration heat inhibitors on reducing the temperature peak is inversely proportional to the thickness of the structure. A formula is put forward to evaluate their relation in this paper. When the thickness of the structure is about 6 m, there is no peak cutting effect. For the stress field, hydration heat inhibitor can greatly reduce the thermal stress of the thin-walled structure and make the structure meet the temperature control requirements; for the medium wall thickness structure, it can reduce the internal tensile stress about 50% and the surface tensile stress about 20%, and other temperature control measures are still needed to ensure that the surface tensile stress of the structure meets the requirements; for hydraulic structures with large volume and thickness, the application effect of the inhibitor has limitations, which can reduce the internal tensile stress about 30%, but the tensile stress in the surface area will increase about 7% due to the increase of the internal and external temperature difference; therefore, other temperature control measures such as arranging cooling water pipe, strengthening surface insulation, and so on are needed to ensure that temperature cracks do not occur. This paper provides references and suggestions for the research and engineering application of hydration heat inhibitor.

/pdf/effect-of-hydration-heat-inhibitor-on-thermal-stress-of-15lzzinbsp.pdf

Effect of Hydration Heat Inhibitor on Thermal Stress of Hydraulic Structures with Different Thicknesses

Ventilation systems are mainly responsible for maintaining the quality of indoor air. Together with thermal comfort maintenance systems, they create appropriate conditions for living, working, learning, sleeping, etc., depending on the type of building. This explains the high popularity of research in this area. This paper presents a review of articles published in the years 2020–2023, which are indexed in the Scopus database and found with keywords “ventilation” and “thermal comfort” in conjunction with the type of building or predominant activity. Finally, 88 selected works for five types of buildings were discussed, namely offices, schools, hospitals, bedrooms, and atriums. Data on publications are summarized in the tables, taking into account the publishing year, country of origin of the authors, and keywords. In this way, the latest directions in research were presented, and research groups dealing with this subject were highlighted. For each type of building, synthetic conclusions were presented, summarizing the results of the analyzed research. This review paper would be helpful for scientists and practitioners in the field of ventilation in order to organize knowledge and in a short time be up to date with the latest research showing how ventilation affects the quality of use of buildings by their users. 

Recent Achievements in Research on Thermal Comfort and Ventilation in the Aspect of Providing People with Appropriate Conditions in Different Types of Buildings—Semi-Systematic Review

Heating, Cooling and Energy Management of Cold Climate Educational Built Environments Using Green Roofs

The production of concrete strongly influences the environment. It is a versatile and sustainable construction material capable of creating a wide range of structures. It has always been indispensable as a material for the engineering and construction industry, including applications in hydraulic structures (e.g., dams, underwater tunnels, sluices, and other concrete structures), where mass concrete is a fundamental material in the construction industry. Developing sustainable concrete as an alternative construction material to the traditional one provides a reduction in the carbon dioxide footprint with regard to cement use and waste material disposal in landfills. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current trends and opportunities in sustainable construction using mass concrete. It underscores the importance of incorporating eco-friendly practices to mitigate environmental impact by using by-products as green materials. The review highlights how optimizing clinker content, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and aggregates can improve the strength, durability, and thermal stability of mass concrete. Strategic material selection helps minimize thermal cracking, extend service life, and reduce environmental impact. Future research should focus on developing advanced mix design strategies and standardized practices for sustainable infrastructure. 

Development of Sustainable Concrete Using By-Products as a Green Material, and Potential Solutions for Sustainability in Mass Concrete Construction—Comprehensive Review

Temperature evolution and compressive strength prediction of early age concrete are of great interest for designers and contractors in cold weather. In this study, a calculation method based on a C# program was first put forward to estimate the temperature evolution of concrete with thermal insulation curing. Then the compressive strength was predicted in terms of the commonly accepted maturity-strength equation. This calculation method was verified feasible because of good consistency between the measured results and the calculated temperature as well as the compressive strength of concrete at different ages. The effects of insulation material thickness, thermal conductivity, surface area-volume ratio, ambient temperature and initial concrete temperature on the cooling law of concrete under thermal insulation curing were further discussed. Therefore, this work can provide theoretical analysis and numerical calculation for predicting the temperature evolution and compressive strength before the construction of cold weather concretes, which can effectively help engineers design and optimize the curing method of concrete.

Prediction for temperature evolution and compressive strength of non-mass concrete with thermal insulation curing in cold weather

The thermal environment of atrium space is complex and its formation mechanism is special. The scientific evaluation of atrium space can help guide the development of appropriate ventilation and heating modes, reducing energy consumption and improving thermal comfort. Through field measurement and questionnaire, the indoor thermal environment and its un-uniform characteristics of the atrium space in winter, as well as the user's behavior habits and subjective thermal feeling are systematically analyzed. Statistical regression analysis method is used to fit and evaluate factors such as operative temperature and thermal comfort, quantitatively reveals the thermal environment needs of atrium users. The study demonstrate that the predicted thermal sensation vote is slightly cold, and the measured thermal neutral temperature of the occupants is lower than the predicted thermal neutral temperature. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the distribution of air temperature in horizontal direction and its influencing factors; in addition, reveals the trend of air temperature with time and height and establishes a fitting equation between air temperature and elevation. The data obtained in this study can provide valuable reference for the construction and operation of college atrium space in cold regions. 

Study on winter thermal environmental characteristics of the atrium space of teaching building in China's cold region

This paper investigated the calculation of mass concrete wall temperature field by ANSYS and compared the results with measured results, based on radiation protection mass concrete wall of medical linear accelerator in Wuhan Union Hospital.The solid70 was selected as the concrete element and reasonable boundary conditions and environmental conditions were set in the analysis of ANSYS.The results shows that temperature field distribution and development law obtained through numerical simulation analysis are consistent with measured results,which can help set up the temperature monitoring points.

Numerical Simulation and Monitoring of Mass Concrete Wall Temperature Field

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Study on winter thermal environmental characteristics of the atrium space of teaching building in China's cold region

Numerical Simulation and Monitoring of Mass Concrete Wall Temperature Field