The processing of information and computation is undergoing a paradigmatic shift since the realization of the enormous potential of quantum features to perform these tasks. Coupled cavity array is one of the well-studied systems to carry out these tasks. It is a versatile platform for quantum networks for distributed information processing and communication. Cavities have the salient feature of retaining photons for longer durations, thereby enabling them to travel coherently through the array without losing them in dissipation. Many quantum information protocols have been implemented in arrays of coupled cavities. These advancements promise the suitability of cavity arrays for large-scale quantum communications and computations. This article reviews a few theoretical proposals and experimental realizations of quantum information tasks in cavities. 

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A review on quantum information processing in cavities

We study the transport properties of a single photon scattered by a two-level system (TLS) in a T-shaped waveguide, which is made of two coupled-resonator waveguides (CRWs)--- an infinite CRW and a semi-infinite CRW. The spontaneous emission of the TLS directs single photons from one CRW to the other. Although the transfer rate is different for the wave incident from different CRWs, due to the boundary breaking the translational symmetry, the boundary can enhance the transfer rate found in Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 103604 (2013) and Phys. Rev. A 89, 013805 (2014), as the transfer rate could be unity for the wave incident from the semi-infinite CRW.

T-shaped Single-photon Router

Transport and entanglement for single photons in optical waveguide ladders

We proposed a new multichannel scheme of quantum routing for single plasmons with two quantum dots (QDs) side coupled to two plasmonic waveguides, one of which is infinite and the other is semi-infinite, with a junction. We investigated theoretically the routing properties of the proposed system for the incident single plasmons, such as the transmission, reflection, and transfer rates via the real-space approach. Our results show that in such a coupled system, the incident single plasmons can be routed by controlling the parameters, such as the detuning, the atomic transition frequencies, the coupling strengths, and the spacing between QDs. In particular, we showed that the transfer rate of single plasmons could be greatly changed according to the position of the junction. Our multichannel scheme for routing of single plasmons could be utilized for realizing quantum devices, such as quantum switches, directional couplers, and quantum routers.

Single plasmon router with two quantum dots side coupled to two plasmonic waveguides with a junction

We investigate quantum routing in a multi-T-shaped waveguide coupled to driven cyclic three-level systems. Exact expressions of the scattering coefficients for the double-T and triple-T waveguides are obtained by employing the discrete-coordinate scattering and the transfer matrix approach, respectively. Our results show that high transfer-rate routing of single photons from the input infinite channel to the other channels can be effectively implemented in the extended multi-T configuration, in contrast with the single-T waveguide with the transfer of no more than 0.5. The proposed router may be utilized as a scalable quantum device to control single-photon routing.

Single-photon routing in a multi-T-shaped waveguide

Quantum routers with a high routing rate of much more than 0.5 are of great importance for quantum networks. We provide a scheme to perform bidirectional high routing-rate transfer in a T-shaped coupled-resonator waveguide (CRW), which extends a recent unidirectional scheme proposed by Lu et al. (Opt Express 23:22955, 2015). By locating an extra two-level atom in the infinite CRW channel of the T-shaped CRW with a three-level system, an effective potential is generated. Our numerical results show that high routing capability from the infinite CRW channel to the semi-infinite channel can be achieved, and routing capability from the semi-infinite CRW channel to the infinite channel can also be significantly enhanced, with the help of the effective potential. Therefore, the proposed double-atom configuration could be utilized as a bidirectional quantum routing controller to implement high transfer rate routing of single photons.

Control of single-photon routing in a T -shaped waveguide by another atom

Quantum routers with a routing rate of much more than 0.5 are important for quantum networks. Here we provide a scheme to significantly improve quantum routing performance. The proposal extends a recent scheme proposed by Zhou et al 2013 (Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 103604) by locating another atom in the input channel to generate an effective reflection potential. Our numerical results show that the routing capability from the input channel to another channel can be remarkably enhanced, and even in the presence of moderately low cavity loss, the maximum transfer rate from one channel to another can be more than 0.9. Moreover, we find that there exists an optimum waveguide length to achieve the maximum transfer rate. Our scheme could feasibly be implemented experimentally for quantum routing with a high transfer rate.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6455/aa9a99/pdf

Control of single-photon routing by another atom

Transport properties of surface plasmons in a nonlinear nanowire coupled to quantum dots with azimuthal angle differences

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Control of single-photon routing in a T -shaped waveguide by another atom

Control of single-photon routing by another atom

Transport properties of surface plasmons in a nonlinear nanowire coupled to quantum dots with azimuthal angle differences