Over the past decade, electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices have greatly improved, as a wide variety of advanced electrode active materials and new device architectures have been developed. These new materials and devices should be evaluated against clear and rigorous metrics, primarily based on the evidence of real performances. A series of criteria are commonly used to characterize and report performance of EES systems in the literature. However, as advanced EES systems are becoming more and more sophisticated, the methodologies to reliably evaluate the performance of the electrode active materials and EES devices need to be refined to realize the true promise as well as the limitations of these fast-moving technologies, and target areas for further development. In the absence of a commonly accepted core group of metrics, inconsistencies may arise between the values attributed to the materials or devices and their real performances. Herein, we provide an overview of the energy storage devices from conventional capacitors to supercapacitors to hybrid systems and ultimately to batteries. The metrics for evaluation of energy storage systems are described, although the focus is kept on capacitive and hybrid energy storage systems. In addition, we discuss the challenges that still need to be addressed for establishing more sophisticated criteria for evaluating EES systems. We hope this effort will foster ongoing dialog and promote greater understanding of these metrics to develop an international protocol for accurate assessment of EES systems.

Towards establishing standard performance metrics for batteries, supercapacitors and beyond.

As a type of energy storage device between traditional capacitors and batteries, the supercapacitor has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, high power density, fast charging and discharging speed, long cycle life, and so forth. One of the key factors affecting the performance of supercapacitor is the electrode material. Carbon materials, such as carbon nanotube, graphene, activated carbon, and carbon nanocage, are most widely concerned in the application of supercapacitors. The synergistic effect of composites can often obtain excellent results, which is one of the common strategies to increase the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. To further improve the performance of binary composites, it is a relatively simple method to increase the components as the “bridge” between the two materials to form the ternary composites. The review mainly introduces the current research progress of supercapacitors with pure carbon nanomaterials and multistage carbon nanostructures (composites) as electrodes. The characteristics and application directions of different pure carbon nanomaterials are introduced in detail. Different ways of multilevel structure (material) composite have their own effects on the development of high-performance supercapacitors. We also highlight the recent advances related to these fields and provide our insight into high-energy supercapacitors. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cey2.219

Carbon nanomaterials and their composites for supercapacitors

http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S0008622322001956/pdf/S0008622322001956.pdf

An overview of recent progress in nanostructured carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes: From zero to bi-dimensional materials

Construction of nickel cobalt sulfide nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth for performance-enhanced supercapacitor

Renewable biomass-derived carbons for electrochemical capacitor applications

Nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanohorns composite as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode

Polyaniline-modified renewable biocarbon (ACPANI) composites were prepared via static low-temperature in situ polymerization of aniline monomers on the biomass-based porous biocarbon (AC) that was derived from watermelon rind. In the ACPANI composites, the AC biocarbon was served as a three-dimensional supporting skeleton for polyaniline (PANI) to provide a large accessible surface area, and PANI was used to improve their electrochemical performances. The porous AC biocarbon was coated with nanofibrous arrays of PANI via electrostatic interaction and van der Waals forces. The ACPANI-2 composite that obtained with an AC/aniline mass ratio of 20:80 exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance as a hybrid electrode for supercapacitor. A superb specific capacitance of 520 F g−1 for ACPANI-2 was achieved at a current density of 1 A g−1, and a high cycling stability with a retention rate of capacitance of 71.2% after 5000 cycles was confirmed. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor using ACPANI-2 as a positive electrode assembled with the AC negative electrode acquired a cell voltage of 1.4 V and a high energy density of 29.3 Wh kg−1. Therefore, the ACPANI composite is suggested to be a promising candidate for electrochemical supercapacitor.

Polyaniline-modified renewable biocarbon composites as an efficient hybrid electrode for supercapacitors

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Yan-Qiao Jin

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanohorns composite as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode

Polyaniline-modified renewable biocarbon composites as an efficient hybrid electrode for supercapacitors